光照节律对肉兔生长性能、血清生化指标、肉品质和动物福利的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.05.017

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 1500-1508.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.05.017

光照节律对肉兔生长性能、血清生化指标、肉品质和动物福利的影响

郭子涵¹, 蒋琪琪¹, 王彬¹, 赵娜¹, 贺稚非², 李洪军², 吕景智^1*

1. 西南大学动物科学技术学院生物饲料与分子营养实验室, 重庆 400715;
2. 西南大学食品科学学院, 重庆 400715

收稿日期:2021-07-19 出版日期:2022-05-23 发布日期:2022-05-25
通讯作者: 吕景智,主要从事肉兔繁殖与育种的研究,E-mail:ljzzl-66@163.com
作者简介:郭子涵(1997-),男,河南新野人,硕士生,主要从事肉兔繁殖与育种的研究,E-mail:542501356@qq.com;蒋琪琪(1994-),女,四川南充人,硕士,主要从事肉兔繁育与育种的研究,E-mail:49783246@qq.com。郭子涵和蒋琪琪为同等贡献作者
基金资助:
农业研究系统专项资金(CARS-43-E-1)；重庆市科委技术创新与应用发展专项基金项目(CSTC020JSCX-msxmX0049)；中央高校基础研究基金(swu118204)；重庆市草食动物现代农业产业技术体系项目(2020-11)

Effect of Lighting Rhythm on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, Meat Quality and Welfare of Rabbits

GUO Zihan¹, JIANG Qiqi¹, WANG Bin¹, ZHAO Na¹, HE Zhifei², LI Hongjun², LV Jingzhi^1*

1. Laboratary for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
2. College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China

Received:2021-07-19 Online:2022-05-23 Published:2022-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在研究光照节律对肉兔生长性能、肉品质、血清生化指标和行为的影响。选取135只35日龄断奶伊拉公兔，随机分为3个处理，每个处理15个重复，每个重复3只肉兔，设置12 h光暗循环(12L∶12D)、24 h光照(24L)和24 h黑暗(24D)的3种光照节律，光照强度为100 lx，预试期为7 d，试验期为35 d。结果表明，与12L∶12D组相比，24D组肉兔21~35 d的平均日采食量(ADFI)、饲料转化率(FCR)、半净膛率、背最长肌pH和熟肉率显著提高(P<0.05)，血糖浓度显著降低(P<0.05)，其中FCR和半净膛率在各个处理组中最高(P<0.01)。24L组的皮指数显著低于12L∶12D和24D组(P<0.01)，而白蛋白(ALB)和肌肉失水率显著高于于12L∶12D和24D组(P<0.01)。各个处理组间肌肉肉色以及肌肉常规营养指标没有显著差异(P>0.05)。24D组的肉兔坐的行为持续时间最少(P<0.01)，啃咬行为频率较低(P<0.05)，运动、直立、站立行为频率最高(P<0.05)。结果显示，长时间黑暗环境可以提高肉兔的生长性能，降低血糖浓度。同时，肉兔在长期的黑暗中表现出更多的社会性、较少的恐惧和焦虑，显示出良好的动物福利。

关键词: 肉兔, 光照节律, 生长性能, 血清生化指标, 行为

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lighting rhythm on the growth performance, blood metabolites, meat quality and behavior of rabbits. One hundred and thirty five 35-day-old weaned male Hyla rabbits were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 15 replicates and 3 rabbits in each under the lighting photoperiods of 12 h light:12 h darkness (12L:12D), 24 h light (24L), and 24 h darkness (24D), respectively. The light intensity was 100 lx. The experimental period lasted for 35 days after 7 days of pre-trail. The results showed that compared with 12L:12D group, the average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion rate (FCR) at 21-35 d, carcass yield, pH and cooked meat rate of longissimus lumborum in 24D group increased significantly (P<0.05), and the blood glucose concentration decreased significantly (P<0.05). The FCR and carcass yield of 24D group were the highest in all treatment groups (P<0.01). The leather index of 24L group was significantly lower than that of 12L:12D and 24D groups (P<0.01), while the albumin (ALB) and meat water loss rate were significantly higher than that of 12L:12D and 24D groups (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in meat color or conventional nutritive indexs among treatment groups (P>0.05). The duration of sitting behavior of the 24D group was the least (P<0.01), the frequency of gnawing behavior was lower than other groups(P<0.05), and the frequency of hyperactivity, rearing and standing behavior were the highest in all groups (P<0.05). The results showed that long-term dark environment could improve the growth performance and reduce the blood glucose concentration of rabbits. At the same time, rabbits showed more sociality, less fear and anxiety in the long-term darkness, having good welfare.

Key words: rabbit, lighting rhythm, growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, behavior

中图分类号:

郭子涵, 蒋琪琪, 王彬, 赵娜, 贺稚非, 李洪军, 吕景智. 光照节律对肉兔生长性能、血清生化指标、肉品质和动物福利的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(5): 1500-1508.

GUO Zihan, JIANG Qiqi, WANG Bin, ZHAO Na, HE Zhifei, LI Hongjun, LV Jingzhi. Effect of Lighting Rhythm on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, Meat Quality and Welfare of Rabbits[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(5): 1500-1508.

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光照节律对肉兔生长性能、血清生化指标、肉品质和动物福利的影响

Effect of Lighting Rhythm on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, Meat Quality and Welfare of Rabbits

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