合生素对樱桃谷肉鸭肌肉品质、机体抗氧化性能和免疫功能的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.09.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在研究合生素替代日粮中抗生素对樱桃谷肉鸭肌肉品质、血清生化指标、机体抗氧化能力以及免疫功能的影响。本研究选择1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭540只，随机分为3组，每组6个重复，每个重复30只，分别饲喂基础日粮（对照组）、基础日粮+40 mg·kg^-1杆菌肽锌（抗生素组）和基础日粮+1 000 mg·kg^-1合生素（合生素组）。试验期为42 d，分为前期（1~14 d）和后期（15~42 d）。于试验期第14和42天，分别从每重复中选取1只接近平均体重的公鸭进行称重、屠宰，采集血样、胸肌、腿肌、免疫器官以及肠道黏膜样品用于血清生化指标、肌肉品质、免疫器官指数、抗氧化指标、肠道免疫相关基因等的测定。试验结果表明：1）日粮中添加合生素和抗生素显著降低了樱桃谷肉鸭宰后24 h胸肌和腿肌的蒸煮损失（P<0.05）以及腿肌的亮度值（P<0.05），显著提高了宰后24 h腿肌的红度值（P<0.05）。2）与对照组相比，除抗生素能够显著提高樱桃谷肉鸭42 d脾脏指数（P<0.05），日粮中添加抗生素或合生素对樱桃谷肉鸭的血清生化指标和免疫器官指数均无显著影响（P>0.05）。3）合生素组肉鸭14 d血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力显著高于抗生素组与对照组（P<0.05），42 d空肠黏膜中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力显著高于对照组（P<0.05），14 d空肠黏膜中丙二醛含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；抗生素组和合生素组42 d空肠黏膜中GSH-Px活力均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；与对照组和合生素组相比，日粮中添加抗生素显著提高了14 d回肠黏膜中GSH-Px活力（P<0.05）。4）合生素组14 d空肠黏膜中Toll样受体3（TLR3） mRNA表达量显著高于对照组（P<0.05），但与抗生素组间无显著性差异（P>0.05）；14和42 d回肠黏膜中维甲酸诱导基因1（RIG-1） mRNA表达量均显著高于对照组和抗生素组（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，日粮中添加合生素和抗生素均能显著上调14 d回肠黏膜中TLR3和Toll样受体7（TLR7） mRNA相对表达量（P<0.05）。综合以上结果指出，合生素能够作为一种抗生素替代品改善樱桃谷肉鸭的肌肉品质和抗氧化性能，提高肠道黏膜中免疫相关基因的表达，增强机体免疫调节能力。

关键词: 合生素, 樱桃谷肉鸭, 肌肉品质, 血清生化指标, 抗氧化能力, 免疫

Abstract: This study aimed to explore the effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics, as a possible antibiotic substitute, on meat quality, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant capacity and immune function of Cherry Valley ducks. A total of 540 one-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 6 replicates of 30 ducks each. The ducks were fed with basal diet free from antibiotics (control group), basal diets +bacitracin zinc (40 mg·kg^-1, antibiotic group), and basal diet+synbiotic (1 000 mg·kg^-1, synbiotic group). The experimental period lasted for 42 days, which consisted of starter period (1-14 d) and grower period (15-42 d). At day 14 and 42 of the experiment, one male duck whose weight was close to the average body weight from each replicate was randomly selected, weighed and slaughtered. Then blood, muscle, immune organs and intestinal mucosa samples were collected for the determination of serum biochemical indexes, muscle quality, immune organs indexes, antioxidant indexes, and the expression of intestinal immune-related genes. The results showed that:1) Dietary supplementation of synbiotics or antibiotics significantly reduced the cooking loss of breast and thigh muscles (P<0.05) and the brightness value of thigh muscle (P<0.05), and significantly increased the redness value of thigh muscle at 24 h after slaughter (P<0.05). 2) Compared with control group, except for the significant increase of spleen index at 42 d in antibiotic group (P<0.05), dietary supplementation of synbiotic or antibiotic had no significant effect on the serum biochemical indexes and immune organ indexes of Cherry Valley ducks (P>0.05). 3) In synbiotic group, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the serum at 14 d was higher than that in control and antibiotic groups (P<0.05), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in jejunal mucosa at 42 d was higher and malonaldehyde contents in jejunal mucosa at 14 d was lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, dietary supplementation of synbiotic or antibiotic significantly increased jejunal mucosal GSH-Px activity at 42 d (P<0.05), then ileal mucosal GSH-Px activity at 14 d in antibiotic group was higher than that in control and synbiotic groups (P<0.05). 4) The mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in jejunum mucosa in synbiotic group at 14 d was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), but no significant difference compared with antibiotic group (P>0.05); the mRNA expressions of retinoic-acid-inducible gene I (RIG-1) in the ileal mucosa at 14 and 42 d in synbiotic group were significantly higher than that in control and antibiotic groups (P<0.05); Compared with control group, dietary supplementation of synbiotic or antibiotic significantly upregulated mRNA expression of TLR3 and TLR7 in the ileal mucosa at 14 d (P<0.05). Based on the above results, the synbiotic, as a substitute for antibiotics, could improve the meat quality, promote the antioxidant capacity, enhance the expression of immune-related genes in the intestinal mucosa and improve the immunomodulation of Cherry Valley ducks.

Key words: synbiotic, Cherry Valley ducks, meat quality, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant capacity, immunity

中图分类号:

王瑞秀, 陈中卫, 刘强, 庄苏. 合生素对樱桃谷肉鸭肌肉品质、机体抗氧化性能和免疫功能的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(9): 2522-2533.

WANG Ruixiu, CHEN Zhongwei, LIU Qiang, ZHUANG Su. Effects of Synbiotics on Meat Quality, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function of Cherry Valley Ducks[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(9): 2522-2533.

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