新疆地区奶牛乳腺炎肺炎克雷伯菌的分离鉴定与耐药性分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.041

Abstract

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to understand the prevalence and drug resistance characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae in dairy cow mastitis in Xinjiang. Two thousand and eighty-three milk samples of dairy cows with clinical mastitis or subclinical mastitis were collected from 15 large-scale dairy farms in 9 areas of intensive dairy farming in Xinjiang. Klebsiella pneumoniae in the samples was isolated and cultured， Gram stained. PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing were conducted to identified the isolated strains， and the drug resistance of the isolated strains was detected by micro-broth dilution method. The results showed that 266 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from the milk samples， and the isolation rate was 12.8% （266/2 083）.There was no significant difference in the isolation rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae between clinical mastitis and subclinical mastitis （P>0.05）. The sensitivity of 266 isolates to 16 antimicrobial agents and the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases （ESBLs） were determined by broth microdilution method. The results showed that the resistance rates of the isolates to tetracycline， ceftiofur， cefepime， cefotaxime and cefazolin were high （23.7%-41.0%）. And 16.9% （45/266） of the isolates were multidrug-resistant bacteria， and 6.4% （17/266） of the isolates produced ESBLs. The results suggest that the average separation rate of mastitis Klebsiella pneumoniae in 15 large-scale dairy farms in Xinjiang is at a relatively low level in the whole country. The isolated strains had strong resistance to tetracycline and cephalosporin antibiotics. This study provided a basis for mastering the epidemiological characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae in dairy cow mastitis and guiding clinical medication.

Key words: dairy cow mastitis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, isolation and identification, drug resistance characteristics

CLC Number:

S857.26

CAI Kuojun, XU Min, SUN Pengliang, XIA Lining, ZHAO Hongqiong. Isolation， Identification and Drug Resistance Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Dairy Cow Mastitis in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026, 57(1): 464-475.

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References 32

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地区 Region	养殖场编号 Farm number	头孢噻呋Ceftiofur	头孢唑啉Cefazolin	头孢喹肟Cefquinome	阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾Amoxicillinand clavulanate potassium	四环素Tetracycline	林可霉素lincomycin	氟苯尼考Florfenicol	卡那霉素kanamycin	庆大霉素Gentamicin	链霉素Streptomycin	复方新诺明Sulfamethoxazol
乌鲁木齐市 Urumqi	A	●	●	●			●		●			●
乌鲁木齐市 Urumqi	B	●		●				●
昌吉回族自治州 ChangjiHui AutonomousPrefecture	C	●		●					●			●
	D	●		●			●					●
	E	●		●		●		●	●
	F	●	●	●				●			●
石河子市 Shihezi	G	●	●	●				●	●			●
	H	●		●			●	●
	I		●	●		●						●
克拉玛依市 Karamay	J	●	●	●		●			●			●
伊犁哈萨克自治州 Ili KazakhAutonomous Prefecture	K	●		●	●	●		●		●	●	●
塔城地区 Tarbagatay Prefecture	L	●	●		●	●		●	●	●	●
巴州 Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture	M	●	●			●		●			●
阿克苏地区 Aksu Prefecture	N		●	●		●	●				●	●
喀什地区 Kashgar Prefecture	O		●	●	●	●			●	●	●	●

引物 Primer	引物序列（5'→3'） Primer sequences （5'→3'）	产物/bp Product
Kpn的溶血酵素基因（khe）	F： TGATTGCATTCGCCACTGG	428
Kpn的溶血酵素基因（khe）	R： GGTCAACCCAACGATCCTG	428
16S rRNA	16S-27F： AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG	1 466
16S rRNA	16S-1492R： GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT	1 466

地区 Region	养殖场编号 Farm number	养殖规模/头 Breeding scale	隐性乳腺炎分离率 Isolation rate ofsubclinical mastitis	临床乳腺炎分离率 Isolation rate ofclinical mastitis	总分离率 Totalisolation rate
乌鲁木齐市 Urumqi	A	1 600	14.6%（14/96）	18.8%（3/16）	15.2%（17/112）
乌鲁木齐市 Urumqi	B	850	22.4%（19/85）	20.6%（7/34）	21.8%（26/119）
昌吉回族自治州 Changji Hui AutonomousPrefecture	C	5 400	8.6%（14/162）	7.4%（2/27）	8.5%（16/189）
	D	4 200	10.0%（21/210）	11.8%（2/17）	10.1%（23/227）
	E	3 500	7.9%（11/140）	11.4%（4/35）	8.6%（15/175）
	F	1 100	12.1%（12/99）	20.0%（2/10）	12.8%（14/109）
石河子市 Shihezi	G	2 600	11.5%（15/130）	15.0%（3/20）	12.0%（18/150）
	H	1 800	13.0%（14/108）	11.1%（2/18）	12.7%（16/126）
	I	1 100	21.6%（19/88）	22.2%（2/9）	21.6%（21/97）
克拉玛依市 Karamay	J	3 500	10.0%（14/140）	17.9%（5/28）	11.3%（19/168）
伊犁哈萨克自治州 Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture	K	1 200	16.7%（16/96）	25.0%（3/12）	17.6%（19/108）
塔城地区 Tarbagatay Prefecture	L	3 000	10.7%（16/150）	16.7%（5/30）	11.7%（21/180）
巴州 Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture	M	1 400	13.3%（13/98）	14.3%（3/21）	13.4%（16/119）
阿克苏地区 Aksu Prefecture	N	1 800	13.3%（12/90）	11.1%（4/36）	12.7%（16/126）
喀什地区 Kashgar Prefecture	O	2 100	11.1%（7/63）	13.3%（2/15）	11.5%（9/78）
总计 Total		35 150	12.4%（217/1755）	14.9%（49/328）	12.8%（266/2083）

抗菌药物种类 Antibiotic type	抗菌药物 Antibiotic	折点判断标准/（μg·mL^-1） MIC Breakpoints			敏感（S） Sensitive		中介（I） Intermediate		耐药（R） Resistance
抗菌药物种类 Antibiotic type	抗菌药物 Antibiotic	敏感（S） Sensitive	中介（I） Intermediate	耐药（R） Resistance	菌株数 Number of isolates	百分比 Percentage	菌株数 Number of isolates	百分比 Percentage	菌株数 Number of isolates	百分比 Percentage
头孢类 Cephalosporin	头孢唑林 Cefazolin	≤2	4	≥5	184	69.2%	19	7.1%	63	23.7%
	头孢噻肟 Cefotaxime	≤1	2	≥4	196	73.7%	0	0.0%	70	26.3%
	头孢噻呋 Ceftiofur	≤2	4~8	≥16	189	71.1%	0	0.0%	77	28.9%
	头孢他啶 Ceftazidime	≤4	8	≥16	222	83.5%	6	2.3%	38	14.3%
	头孢吡肟 Cefepime	≤2	4~8	≥16	177	66.5%	14	5.3%	75	28.2%
	头孢西丁 Cefoxitin	≤8	16	≥32	237	89.1%	8	3.0%	21	7.9%
碳青霉烯类 Carbapenem	美罗培南 Meropenem	≤1	2	≥4	257	96.6%	3	1.1%	6	2.3%
氯霉素类 Chloramphenicol	氯霉素 Chloramphenicol	≤8	16	≥32	234	88.0%	5	1.9%	27	10.2%
氯霉素类 Chloramphenicol	氟苯尼考 Florfenicol	≤4	8	≥16	170	63.9%	45	16.9%	51	19.2%
磺胺类Sulfonamide	复方新诺明 Sulfamethoxazole	≤2/38	无	≥4/76	215	80.8%	无	无	51	19.2%
氨基糖苷类Aminoglycoside	庆大霉素 Gentamicin	≤4	8	≥16	244	91.7%	0	0.0%	22	8.3%
氨基糖苷类Aminoglycoside	链霉素 Streptomycin	≤16	无	≥32	228	85.7%	无	无	38	14.3%
四环素类Tetracycline	四环素 Tetracycline	≤4	8	≥16	149	56.0%	8	3.0%	109	41.0%
四环素类Tetracycline	替加环素 Tegacyclin	≤2	无	≥4	229	86.1%	无	无	37	13.9%
喹诺酮类Quinolone	环丙沙星 Ciprofloxacin	≤0.25	0.5	≥1	215	80.8%	13	4.9%	38	14.3%
多肽类Polypeptide	多黏菌素E Polymyxin E	≤2	无	≥4	218	82.0%	无	无	48	18.0%

Isolation， Identification and Drug Resistance Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Dairy Cow Mastitis in Xinjiang

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