生长期三花鹅和皖西白鹅绒毛和皮肤毛囊结构特征及羽囊发育基因比较

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.12.018

Abstract

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth and development of down feather, feather follicle characteristics and the expression of genes related to feather sac development in growing Sanhua geese and Wanxi White geese. Taking Wanxi White geese and Sanhua Geese as the research objects, the changes of velvet length, thousand velvet weight and velvet diameter of geese at 90 days of age were analyzed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining) and trichrome staining (Masson staining) were performed on geese skin and the growth changes of feather follicles at each stage were observed. The expression of Wnt5a, IGF-1, BMP2, and FGF5 genes in white geese skin tissues at different growth stages was studied by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that: 1) By observing the morphology of down feathers in different parts, it was found that the down feathers of Wanxi White geese were more fluffy and larger than those of Sanhua geese. 2) Observing the microstructure of down feathers, it was found that the nodes of down twigs of Sanhua geese down feathers at 60 days of age were forked nodes, and the nodes of down twigs at 90 days of age were triangular nodes. At 60 days of age, the down twig nodes of Wanxi White geese down feather showed two kinds of triangle and fork nodes; at 90 days of age, the down twig nodes showed triangle nodes and fork nodes at the end. 3) It was found that the down feather traits of different parts of 90-day-old Sanhua geese and Wanxi White geese were significantly better than those of 60-day-old Sanhua geese and Wanxi White geese. 4) By measuring the diameter of different feather follicle, it was found that the secondary feather follicle in different parts of Sanhua geese and Wanxi White geese at 90 days of age were significantly higher than those in the same part of the same breed at 60 days of age.5) The results of fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expression of Wnt5a gene was the highest in the skin of Wanxi White geese at 60 days of age, but there was no significant difference in the expression of Wnt5a gene in the skin of 90 day-old Sanhua geese and Wanxi White geese at 90 days of age (P>0.05). The expression levels of BMP2 and IGF-1 genes in the skin of 60-day-old Wanxi White geese were significantly higher than those of 60-day-old Sanhua geese and 90-day-old Wanxi White geese (P<0.01). Among them, the expression levels of BMP2 and IGF-1 genes in the skin of Sanhua geese were the lowest at 90 days of age. There was no significant difference in the expression level of the FGF5 gene in the skin of Sanhua geese and Wanxi White geese at different ages (P>0.05). From the measurement indicators of down feathers, it is found that the older the age, the better the quality of the down feathers. Whether it is the Sanhua geese or the Wanxi White geese, the quality of the down floss on the back is the best. It can be seen from the genetic level that the expression levels of Wnt5a, BMP2 and IGF-1 genes in the dorsal skin of 60- and 90-day-old Wanxi White geese were significantly higher than those of Sanhua geese. In addition, the quality of geese down feathers is closely related to the development of feather follicle, and the development of feather follicle is regulated by multiple genes.

Key words: Wanxi White geese, Sanhua geese, velvet, feather follicle, gene

CLC Number:

S835.2

WANG Yumei, DING Yuancui, CAO Shuyi, YU Qi, JIANG Changsheng, ZHOU Jinxing, REN Man, LI Shenghe. Comparative Analysis of Structural Characteristics of Downy Feathers, Cutaneous Follicles and Feather Follicle Development Genes between Sanhua Geese and Wanxi White Geese During the Growth Period[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(12): 6145-6158.

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Comparative Analysis of Structural Characteristics of Downy Feathers, Cutaneous Follicles and Feather Follicle Development Genes between Sanhua Geese and Wanxi White Geese During the Growth Period

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