Fig. 1

Effect of melatonin treatment on mouse testis A. The effect of busulfan combined with melatonin treatment on testicular weight, body weight, and testicular body rate in mice (n=3); B. The HE staining results of experimental mouse testicular tissue: The black arrow indicating the lumen of the seminiferous tubules; The red arrow indicates inflammatory cell infiltration (n=3; 100×, scale=250 μm); C. The effects of busulfan combined with melatonin treatment on mouse volume (n=3), testicular weight, body weight, and testicular body rate for 7 days(n=8), * represents significant level of P < 0.05, ** represents extremely significant level of P < 0.01, the same as below"

Fig. 2

Effect of melatonin treatment on sperm count A.Effect of busulfan combined with melatonin treatment on sperm density(n=5);B. HE staining results of the epididymis tail of experimental mice: The black arrow represents the sperm, and the red arrow represents the cavity (n=3; 100×, scale=250 μm; 400×, scale=75 μm)"

Fig. 3

The effect of melatonin treatment on NF-κB signaling pathway and MPO"

Fig. 4

The effect of melatonin treatment on the tight junction protein Occludin The brown color is the positive signal of Occludin, and the blue color is the DAPI staining signal of the nucleus (n=3; 200×, scale=50 μm; 400×, scale=20 μm)"

Fig. 5

The effect of melatonin treatment on the gap junction protein connexin-43 Green represents the positive signal of connexin-43, while blue represents the DAPI staining signal of the cell nucleus (n=3; 200×, scale=50 μm; 400×, scale=20 μm)"

Fig. 6

The effect of melatonin treatment on N-cadherin, a protein associated with extracellular specialization Green represents the positive signal of N-cadherin, blue represents the DAPI staining signal of the cell nucleus, the white arrow indicates the positive signal (n=3; scale=20 μm)"

Fig. 7

The effect of melatonin treatment on Vimentin The red color represents the positive signal of Vimentin, while the blue color represents the DAPI staining signal of the nucleus (n=3; scale=20 μm)"

Fig. 8

The effect of melatonin treatment on F-actin Green represents the positive signal of F-actin, blue represents the DAPI staining signal of the cell nucleus, white arrow indicating the positive signal of the basal layer and the white triangle indicating the positive signal of the lumen side (n=3; scale=20 μm)"