玉米赤霉烯酮及其衍生物的毒性和减毒机制研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.05.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Zearalenone(ZEN) and its derivatives pose a serious contamination issue for crops and their products globally, not only affects agricultural production and feed safety, but also threats the health of animals and humans, which leads to a decrease in immune function, stunted growth, and triggers estrogen-related diseases even cancer. Therefore, the toxicity of ZEN and its derivatives are receiving increasingly attention. However, there is limited research on ZEN derivatives so far. This article summarizes the existing toxicity and detoxification mechanisms of ZEN and its derivatives, including estrogen-like effects, induction of organ damage, triggering of cell apoptosis and autophagy, inflammation induction, activation of cancer-related genes, and DNA damage. And also categorizes the detoxification mechanisms using physical, chemical, and biological methods as a reference for the development of more efficient and safe detoxification drugs for ZEN and its derivatives.

Key words: zearalenone, toxicity, detoxification mechanisms, signaling pathways, research progress

CLC Number:

S859.87

ZHAN Qingyu, DENG Juanli, LIU Hujun, YIN Peng, WANG Hongliang, LI Tiantian. Research Progress on the Toxicology and Detoxification Mechanisms of Zearalenone and Its Derivatives in Corn[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(5): 2056-2069.

Figures/Tables 3

Fig. 1

Table 1

Detoxification methods of ZEN and its derivatives"

方法 Methods		减毒效果 Detoxification effects	参考文献 References
物理法 Physicalmethod	吸附：Lactobacillus plantae(L1)、Lactobacillus plantarum(L2)、Lactobacillus paracasei(L8)、Lactobacillus acidophilus(L9)	L9吸附率为90.39%、其次是L2为88.68%、L1为86.49%、L8为86.14%	[40]
	光辐射：γ射线	低浓度ZEN(33 mol·L^-1)条件下，γ射线对ZEN有较好的降解效果	[41]
	其他新兴技术：介质阻挡放电(DBD)冷等离子体、非热技术-大气冷等离子体(ACP)	DBD在50 kV电压下处理120 s时，降解率高达98.28%；ACP处理在溶液和干燥条件下降解率分别为100%和66.8%	[42]
化学法 Chemicalmethod	臭氧(O₃)	ZEN最大降解率为62.3%	[44]
	光催化	模拟太阳光照射下，ZEN分子中的双键可以从反式(trans)结构转变为顺式(cis)结构；La-ZnFe₂O₄@Fe₃O₄@carbon磁性复合光催化剂，ZEN降解率达到98.52%	[46-47]
	热处理	热处理结合特定化学添加剂，在Ca(OH)₂存在下，随着MMA剂量的增加，ZEN浓度降低效果显著，5 min内分别降低了72%、85%和95%	[48]
生物法 Biological method	酶降解	3α-和3β-羟甾体脱氢酶：将ZEN转化为其羟基化代谢产物α-ZOL和β-ZOL；ZHD101内酯酶：水解为HZEN和DHZEN，它们比ZEN的雌激素活性低50至10 000倍；ZHDR52、ZHDP83内酯酶：降解ZEN的产物不表现出雌激素活性；ZENG内酯酶：在所有报道的ZEN内酯酶中热稳定性排名第一；细菌内酯酶ZenA：水解ZEN	[49-52]
	生物保护	氧化应激和细胞凋亡的缓解途径：ERK/MAPK途径参与调节细胞增殖和存活；PI3K/Akt途径参与调节细胞生长、存活和代谢	[53-58]
		抗氧化途径：Nrf2能够调节一系列抗氧化酶的表达，促进细胞对氧化应激的抵抗能力	[59-60]
		炎症的减缓途径：番茄素、姜黄素、Bacillus velezensis A2(A2)减缓炎症反应	[61-62、35]

Table 1

Fig. 2

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Research Progress on the Toxicology and Detoxification Mechanisms of Zearalenone and Its Derivatives in Corn

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