动物病原感染性呼吸系统疾病兽药研究进展及新药研发趋势分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.11.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Infectious respiratory diseases caused by animal pathogens pose a major challenge to livestock and poultry breeding and pet medical care. Infectious diseases caused by pathogens not only endanger animal health, but also affect human public health safety. At present, the development of new veterinary drugs for these diseases is facing bottlenecks. This paper focuses on summarizing the research progress of veterinary drugs for animal pathogenic infectious respiratory diseases in China, and comprehensively summarizes the characteristics of veterinary drugs for animal pathogenic infectious respiratory diseases in China, such as types, research and development time, medication rules, and veterinary drug dosage forms, in order to summarize the research and development progress of veterinary drugs for animal pathogenic infectious respiratory diseases in China. At the same time, according to the characteristics of the categories, dosage forms and clinical applications of chemical drugs and traditional Chinese medicine in animal respiratory veterinary drugs, this paper analyzes that the future research and development trend of new veterinary drugs in China needs to focus on the efficient application of existing drugs, focusing on the optimization of drug dosage forms and the development of multi-target drugs. The purpose of this paper is to provide a medication plan for the effective prevention and control of animal pathogenic infectious respiratory diseases, and to provide a reference for the future research and development direction of veterinary clinical new veterinary drugs.

Key words: veterinary medicine, animal respiratory diseases, research progress, novel drug development trends

CLC Number:

S859.792

Ziwen CAI, Zhigang SUN, Xiaohui SI, Ruoyi LÜ, Xiaoye LIU. Research Progress of Veterinary Drugs for Animal Pathogenic Infectious Respiratory Diseases and Analysis of New Drug Research and Development[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(11): 4872-4889.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

Common respiratory diseases in animals caused by biological factors"

常见动物 Common animals	疾病名称 Disease name	病因 Etiology	潜在靶点 Potential target	参考文献 References
猪 Pig	猪流行性感冒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、猪圆环病毒感染、非洲猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病、猪肺炎支原体感染、猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎、猪传染性胸膜肺炎、猪肺疫、猪链球菌病、肺丝虫病、霉菌性肺炎、坏疽性肺炎	猪传染性胸膜肺炎的放线杆菌、猪流感病毒、支原体感染、环境因素、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒	呼吸道上皮细胞、黏膜、肺泡巨噬细胞、肺上皮细胞、淋巴细胞、免疫细胞	^[13]
牛 Cattle	牛巴氏杆菌病、牛传染性鼻气管炎、牛传染性胸膜肺炎、牛支原体肺炎、牛呼吸道合胞体病毒病、牛感冒、霉菌性肺炎、牛呼吸道疾病综合征	牛病毒性腹泻黏膜病病毒、副结核病毒、冠状病毒、结核分枝杆菌、肺炎支原体	气管黏膜，免疫系统、肺泡上皮细胞、支气管上皮细胞、肺泡巨噬细胞、支气管平滑肌和炎性介质	^[14-15]
羊 Sheep	羊鼻炎、肺坏疽、肺炎、支气管炎、感冒、霉菌性肺炎、化脓性肺炎	副结核病毒或呼吸道合胞病毒、肺炎支原体感染、肺线虫、恶劣环境或多种病原体	支气管黏膜、鼻腔黏膜、肺泡巨噬细胞、肺上皮细胞、淋巴细胞、免疫细胞	^[16]
禽 Avian	传染性喉气管炎、传染性支气管炎、传染性鼻炎、新城疫、禽流感、禽痘、雏鸡沙门菌病、支原体病、气囊炎、曲霉素病、隐孢子虫病、开口病	禽流感病毒、冠状病毒、禽喉气管炎病毒、支原体、衣原体感染	肺泡上皮细胞、支气管和气管的黏膜细胞、肺和气管的上皮细胞、免疫系统、肺和呼吸道黏膜	^[17-18]
马 Horse	慢性阻塞性肺病、炎症性气道疾病、复发性气道阻塞、马传染性支气管炎、马喘病、马病毒性动脉炎、喉囊病、马传染性鼻肺炎、马流行性感冒、霉菌性肺炎、化脓性肺炎、坏疽性肺炎、乳糜胸	链球菌、大肠杆菌、疱疹病毒、流感病毒、过敏反应或环境刺激物、马疱疹病毒、剧烈运动	肺泡和支气管的上皮细胞、免疫系统、鼻黏膜和上呼吸道、支气管平滑肌、炎症反应、神经系统、肺毛细血管	^[19-20]
犬 Dog	鼻炎、喉炎、气管-支气管炎、支气管肺炎、感冒	多种病原体感染：副流感病毒、肺炎支原体等；过敏；真菌或寄生虫感染	呼吸道黏膜、支气管平滑肌、鼻腔黏膜，炎性细胞、免疫系统	^[21-22]
猫 Cat	猫混合型呼吸道疾病、慢性副鼻腔炎、过敏性支气管炎(气喘)、喉炎、流感、猫哮喘、猫病毒性鼻气管炎	猫疱疹病毒、维生素B族缺乏、细菌性病毒性感染，如梭形螺旋体、白色念珠菌、猫鼻气管炎病毒、杯状病毒、过敏反应和环境因素	鼻窦和鼻腔内的黏膜、免疫系统、支气管平滑肌、炎症细胞、支气管上皮细胞、淋巴系统	^{[2, 23]}

Table 2

Table 3

Veterinary drugs for respiratory diseases"

药物Drugs		靶向动物 Target animal	药效Pharmacological effect
药物类型 Types of drugs	药物名称(按新药批准时间) Drug name (According to the approval timeline of nwe drugs)		对因治疗 Targeted treatment				对症治疗 Symptomatic treatment
药物类型 Types of drugs			抗菌 Antibacterial	支原体 Mycoplasma	抗寄生虫 Anti-parasitic		镇咳 Suppress cough	祛痰 Expectorant	平喘 Alleviate asthma
化药 Chemical medicine	土霉素注射液(2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽	+	+	+		-	-	-
	氟苯尼考注射液^[24-26] (2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊	+	-	-		-	-	-
	磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠注射液^[27-28] (2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊	+	-	+		-	-	-
	磺胺嘧啶钠注射液^[29-30] (2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊	+	-	+		-	-	-
	注射用盐酸四环素(2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊	+	+	+		-	-	-
	盐酸林可霉素注射液^[31] (2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	+	+	-		-	-	-
	头孢噻呋注射液(2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	+	-	-		-	-	-
	盐酸多西环素注射液 (2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	+	+	-		-	-	-
	替米考星注射液(2016/06/07)	犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊	+	+	-		-	-	-
	乳酸环丙沙星注射液 (2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	+	+	-		-	-	-
	磺胺甲噁唑片(2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊	+	-	-		-	-	-
	磺胺嘧啶片(2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊	+	-	+		-	-	-
	盐酸林可霉素片(2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊	+	+	-		-	-	-
	盐酸多西环素片(2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊	+	+	-		-	-	-
	土霉素预混剂(2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽	+	+	+		-	-	-
	替米考星预混剂^[32](2016/06/07)	犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊	+	+	-		-	-	-
	硫氰酸红霉素可溶性粉 (2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊	+	+	-		-	-	-
	青霉素钾(2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	+	-	-		-	-	-
	青霉素钠(2016/06/07)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	+	-	-		-	-	-
	氟苯尼考粉(2016/06/07)	家禽、牛、羊、猪	+	-	-		-	-	-
	盐酸多西环素可溶性粉 (2016/06/07)	猪、家禽	+	+	-		-	-	-
	替米考星可溶性粉(2016/06/07)	家禽、牛、羊、猪	+	+	-		-	-	-
	盐酸环丙沙星盐酸小檗碱预混剂 (2016/06/07)	家禽	+	-	-		-	-	-
	乳酸环丙沙星可溶性粉 (2016/06/07)	猪、家禽	+	+	-		-	-	-
	盐酸沙拉沙星可溶性粉 (2016/06/07)	家禽、牛、羊、马	+	+	-		-	-	-
	注射用阿莫西林钠(2016/06/15)	猪	+	-	-		-	-	-
	阿莫西林硫酸黏菌素注射液 (2016/06/15)	猪、牛、羊	+	-	-		-	-	-
	磺胺对甲氧嘧啶钠注射液 (2016/06/15)	猪、犬、猫、牛、羊	+	-	-		-	-	-
	磺胺噻唑钠注射液(2016/06/15)	猪、犬、猫、牛、羊、马	+	-	-		-	-	-
	硫酸头孢喹肟注射液 (2016/06/15)	猪、牛、羊	+	-	-		-	-	-
	盐酸沙拉沙星注射液 (2016/06/15)	猪、牛、羊、马、家禽	+	+	-		-	-	-
	土霉素片(2016/06/15)	猪、犬、猫、家禽	+	+	+		-	-	-
	红霉素片(2016/06/15)	犬、猫	+	+	-		-	-	-
	盐酸二氟沙星片(2016/06/15)	猪、犬、猫、家禽	+	+	-		-	-	-
	复方阿莫西林粉(2016/06/15)	家禽	+	-	-		-	-	-
	酒石酸泰乐菌素磺胺二甲嘧啶可溶性粉(2016/06/15)	家禽	+	+	+		-	-	-
	盐酸大观霉素盐酸林可霉素可溶性粉(2016/06/15)	猪、家禽	+	-	-		-	-	-
	盐酸环丙沙星可溶性粉 (2016/06/15)	猪、牛、羊、马、家禽	+	+	-		-	-	-
	磺胺二甲嘧啶钠注射液 (2016/06/22)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	+	-	+		-	-	-
	盐酸环丙沙星注射液 (2016/06/22)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	+	+	-		-	-	-
	盐酸二氟沙星注射液 (2016/06/22)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	+	+	-		-	-	-
	盐酸二氟沙星溶液(2016/06/22)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	+	+	-		-	-	-
	磺胺间甲氧嘧啶片(2016/06/22)	猪、家禽	+	-	+		-	-	-
	复方磺胺间甲氧嘧啶预混剂 (2016/06/22)	猪、家禽	+	-	+		-	-	-
	复方磺胺甲噁唑粉(2016/06/22)	猪、犬、猫、牛、羊	+	-	-		-	-	-
	盐酸沙拉沙星溶液(2016/06/30)	猪、家禽	+	+	-		-	-	-
	复方磺胺对甲氧嘧啶片 (2016/06/30)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	+	-	-		-	-	-
	磺胺对甲氧嘧啶片(2016/06/30)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	+	-	-		-	-	-
	头孢氨苄注射液(2016/08/16)	猪、牛、羊	+	-	-		-	-	-
	盐酸二氟沙星粉(2016/09/19)	猪、犬、猫、家禽	+	+	-		-	-	-
	复方磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠注射液 (2016/6/15)	猪、家禽	+	-	+		-	-	-
	复方磺胺甲噁唑片(2017/06/15)	猪、犬、猫、牛、羊	+	-	-		-	-	-
	磺胺二甲嘧啶片(2017/06/15)	猪、家禽	+	-	+		-	-	-
	盐酸沙拉沙星片(2018/01/10)	猪、牛、羊、马、家禽	+	+	-		-	-	-
	复方磺胺对甲氧嘧啶粉 (2018/01/11)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	+	-	-		-	-	-
	普鲁卡因青霉素注射液 (2018/03/21)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	+	-	-		-	-	-
	头孢氨苄片(2018/08/30)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	+	-	-		-	-	-
	四环素片(2018/12/25)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	+	+	+		-	-	-
	阿莫西林硫酸黏菌素可溶性粉 (2020/01/08)	猪、犬、猫、牛、羊	+	-	-		-	-	-
	阿莫西林克拉维酸钾片 (2020/12/01)	猪、犬、猫、牛、羊	+	-	-		-	-	-
	硫氰酸红霉素注射液 (2022/01/06)	猪、犬、猫、牛、羊	+	-	-		-	-	-
	磺胺噻唑钠片	猪、犬、猫、牛、羊	+	-	-		-	-	-
	复方磺胺间甲氧钠嘧啶可溶性粉	猪、犬、猫、牛、羊	+	-	+		-	-	-
中药 Traditional Chinese Medicine	双黄连注射液^[33-34](2016/06/07)	犬、猫、狐、貉、貂	-	-	-		+	-	+
	穿心莲注射液(2016/06/07)	马、牛、羊、猪、犬、猫	-	-	-	+	-	+
	氨茶碱注射液(2016/06/07)	马、牛、羊、犬、猫	-	-	-	-	-	+
	甘草颗粒^[35](2016/06/07)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊	-	-	-	+	+	-
	金花平喘散(2016/06/07)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊	-	-	-	+	-	+
	麻杏石甘散(2016/06/07)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊	-	-	-	+	+	+
	板青连黄散(2016/06/07)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊	-	-	-	+	+	+
	麻黄鱼腥草散^[36-37](2016/06/07)	猪、家禽	-	-	-	+	-	+
	清肺止咳散(2016/06/15)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	-	+
	理肺止咳散(2016/06/15)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	-
	银翘散(2016/06/15)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	+
	麻黄桂枝散(2016/06/15)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	-	+
	镇喘散(2016/06/15)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	-	+
	定喘散(2016/06/15)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	-	+
	鱼腥草注射液(2016/06/15)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	-	+
	止咳散(2016/06/15)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	+
	板蓝根注射液^[38](2016/06/15)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	-
	板蓝根片^[38](2016/06/15)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	-
	鱼腥草注射液(2016/06/15)	猪、家禽	-	-	-	+	-	+
	荆防败毒散(2016/06/15)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊	-	-	-	+	-	-
	银黄提取物口服液(2016/06/15)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊	-	-	-	+	-	-
	银黄可溶性粉(2016/06/15)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊	-	-	-	+	-	+
	甘草流浸膏(2016/06/15)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	-
	氨茶碱片(2016/06/22)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊	-	-	-	-	-	+
	喉炎净散(2016/06/30)	家禽	-	-	-	+	-	+
	桔梗栀黄散(2016/07/12)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊	-	-	-	+	-	+
	银黄提取物注射液(2016/07/12)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊	-	-	-	+	-	-
	银翘清肺散(2016/07/12)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	+
	银黄板翘散(2016/07/15)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊	-	-	-	+	-	+
	双黄连可溶性粉(2016/08/15)	犬、猫、狐、貉、貂	-	-	-	+	-	+
	麻杏石甘片(2016/08/16)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	+
	百合固金散(2016/08/16)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	+
	双黄连片(2016/08/25)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	-	+
	辛夷散(2016/10/24)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	+
	银翘豆根散(2017/05/02)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	+
	鱼枇止咳散^[39](2017/07/31)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	-	+
	麻黄苦参散(2018/02/13)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	+
	远志酊(2018/06/15)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊	-	-	-	+	+	+
	桑菊散(2018/10/24)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊	-	-	-	+	-	-
	银翘片(2019/01/25)	猪、犬、猫、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	+
	百部射干散(2019/02/11)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊	-	-	-	+	+	+
	麻黄葶苈散(2019/08/14)	犬、猫、猪、牛、羊	-	-	-	+	+	+
	板蓝根颗粒(2019/08/22)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	-
	麻黄止咳平喘口服液^[40] (2020/02/05)	犬、猫、猪、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	+
	理肺散(2020/06/06)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	+
	远志流浸膏(2020/11/20)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	+
	注射用黄芩^[41-43](2022/12/19)	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	-	+
	冰蟾喉通散	猪、犬、猫、家禽、牛、羊、马	-	-	-	+	+	+

Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

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类型 Type	优势 Advantage	劣势 Disadvantage
疫苗接种 Vaccination	预防为主、成本低、减少抗生素的使用，降低抗药性发展的风险	变异株问题、个体差异、不良反应/副作用、疾病适用范围和效果有限制
药物治疗 Pharmaceutical interventions	针对性强、迅速控制病情，减轻动物的痛苦	兽药种类有限，剂型单一、耐药、副作用及不良反应

药物 Drug	潜伏期 Incubation period	前驱期 Prodromal period	症状明显期 Period of clinic manifastation	转归期 Stage of termination
化药 Chemical medicine	预防性治疗，降低疾病发展风险	抗炎药物和免疫调节剂，可用于减轻炎症反应^[45]	控制细菌感染^{[45, 48]}	抗炎药物减轻慢性炎症反应，促进受损组织的修复。此阶段还可能需要使用调节免疫系统的药物，帮助恢复机体的免疫平衡^[44]
中药 Traditional Chinese medicine	调节免疫系统和增强体质，帮助预防疾病的发生。可以在无明显症状时增强动物体质，减少疾病的侵袭^[44]	调整和平衡机体内环境，通过温中散寒、清热解毒等方法，缓解初期症状，阻止疾病的进一步发展。此时选用的中药方剂往往具有调和脏腑、疏风解表的作用^{[44, 46]}	中药主要通过调整机体内环境、缓解症状来综合治疗呼吸系统疾病	促进机体恢复和功能调节，使用具有补益气血、强壮身体的药物，帮助恢复机体的正常功能和增强体质^[44]。此外，中药还可用于预防疾病的复发，通过调理内脏功能、平衡阴阳，使机体达到一个更健康稳定的状态

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Research Progress of Veterinary Drugs for Animal Pathogenic Infectious Respiratory Diseases and Analysis of New Drug Research and Development

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