奶牛乳腺发育评估技术及应用研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 提高奶牛产奶量是增强我国奶业核心竞争力、推动奶业革新发展的关键。检测奶牛不同阶段的乳腺发育有助于提前筛选具有较高泌乳潜力的后备牛、及时追踪泌乳牛和干奶牛的乳腺状态，为奶牛各阶段的饲养管理提供重要参考。目前，受限于成本及可操作性等因素，对奶牛进行全面的乳腺发育评估较为困难。本文综述了奶牛不同时期的乳腺发育特点，并汇总了国内外评估乳腺发育的方法，从侵入性和非侵入性两个角度对奶牛乳腺样品的采集方法、发育评估指标进行了详细的总结。强调了通过乳腺组织学、分子生物学及影像学来评估奶牛乳腺发育的应用优势和发展前景。本综述内容有助于丰富我国奶牛乳腺评估技术，为提高奶牛单产、完善高产奶牛培育体系提供技术指导。

关键词: 奶牛, 乳腺发育, 乳腺活检, 成像技术

Abstract: Enhancing the milk yield of dairy cows is crucial for strengthening the core competitiveness of our country’s dairy industry and fostering innovation and development within the sector. The detection of mammary development across various stages in dairy cows is instrumental in preemptively identifying reserve cows with high lactation potential, promptly monitoring the mammary condition of both lactating and dry dairy cows, and providing a critical reference for the feeding and management practices tailored to different stages of dairy cows. Currently, conducting a comprehensive assessment of mammary development in dairy cows poses challenges due to cost and maneuverability factors. In this paper, we review the characteristics of mammary development of cows in different stages and summarizes both domestic and international methods for evaluating mammary development. It provides a detailed summary of sample collection and developmental evaluation indicators from invasive and non-invasive perspectives. The application advantages and development prospects of histological, molecular biological, and imaging techniques in assessing mammary development in dairy cows are highlighted. The content of this review aims to enrich mammary evaluation technologies of dairy cows in China, and provide technical guidance for improving the yield of dairy cows and perfecting the breeding system of high-yielding dairy cows.

Key words: dairy cow, mammary development, mammary biopsy, imageology technology

中图分类号:

S823.3

张紫璇, 于雯靖, 王中华, 董旭晟, 侯秋玲. 奶牛乳腺发育评估技术及应用研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(9): 4176-4190.

ZHANG Zixuan, YU Wenjing, WANG Zhonghua, DONG Xusheng, HOU Qiuling. Advancements in Evaluation Techniques for Mammary Development and Its Application in Dairy Cattle[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4176-4190.

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