动物肠道微生物调控精液品质的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.01.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

精液品质是选择优良种公畜(禽)的重要参考指标。肠道微生物既可以通过肠道-睾丸轴调节促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH)、促卵泡生成素(follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH)、促黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone, LH)、睾酮(Testosterone, T)等生殖激素水平，也可调节肠道中丁酸、氨基酸、维生素、胆汁酸、气体信号分子(H₂S、NH₃和NO)、γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA)和5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)等的合成与代谢，从而调控精液品质。因此，提高肠道中适宜微生物或其代谢物水平能够提高雄性动物精液品质。本文旨在阐明动物肠道微生物及其代谢物调控精液品质的研究进展，以期指导生产实践。

关键词: 精液品质, 肠道微生物, 生殖激素, 代谢物

Abstract:

Semen quality is an important reference index for selecting good breed male livestock and poultry. Intestinal microorganisms not only can regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T) and other reproductive hormones through the gut-testis axis, but also regulate the synthesis and metabolism of butyric acid, amino acids, vitamins, bile acids, gas signaling molecules (H₂S、NH₃ and NO), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the intestine, thereby regulating semen quality.Therefore, increasing the level of suitable microorganisms or their metabolites in the gut can improve the semen quality of male animals. This paper reviews the research progress on the regulation of semen quality by animal gut microbes and their metabolites, to guide production practice.

Key words: semen quality, gut microbe, reproductive hormones, metabolites

中图分类号:

S814.1

史心琦, 马梦梦, 高腾云, 刘深贺. 动物肠道微生物调控精液品质的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(1): 26-35.

SHI Xinqi, MA Mengmeng, GAO Tengyun, LIU Shenhe. Research Progress on the Regulation of Semen Quality by Intestinal Microorganisms in Animals[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(1): 26-35.

图/表 2

表 1

表 2

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品种 Breed	年龄 Age	添加物 Additive	添加水平 Supplemental doses	菌群变化 Level of influence	效果 Effect	引用 Reference
杜洛克公猪 Duroc boar	31~33月龄	羟基酪醇(HT)	0、20 mg·kg^-1	双歧杆菌↑、乳酸菌↑、真杆菌↑、肠单胞菌↑、粪球菌↑和丁霉球菌↑链球菌↓、振荡杆菌↓、Clostridium-sensu-stricto↓、大肠杆菌↓、Phascolarctobacterium ↓和Barnesiella↓	精子发生↑ 精子活力↑	[9]
杜洛克公猪 Duroc boar	2岁	Taxifolin (TAX)	0、15 mg·kg^-1	肠单胞菌↑、粪球菌↑、丁弧菌↑、Clostridium-XlVa↑普雷沃氏菌↓、霍华德氏菌↓、莫吉杆菌↓和肠球菌↓	精子活力↑ 精子浓度↑	[10]
KK-Ay小鼠 KK-Ay mice	14周	中草药山茱萸(Cor)	0、100 mg·kg^-1	咽喉魏氏菌↓、ND2梭状芽胞杆菌↓、大肠杆菌DSM 17241↓和梭状芽胞杆菌↓	精子活力↑ 精子数量↑	[11]
虹鳟鱼 Trout	2岁	益生菌	0、1×10⁹、2×10⁹、4×10⁹ cfu·kg^-1	酸性片球菌↑、屎肠球菌↑、枯草芽孢杆菌↑、嗜酸乳杆菌↑、植物乳杆菌↑、干酪乳杆菌↑、鼠李糖乳杆菌↑和双歧杆菌↑	精子密度↑ 受精能力↑	[12]

微生物 Microbial	途径 Approach	因素 Element	作用 Effect	引用 Reference
肠球菌↑Enterococcus↑	生殖激素代谢	GnRH↑、FSH↑、LH↑、T↑	精子发生↑	[5]
普雷沃氏菌↑ Prevotella↑		GnRH↑、FSH↑、LH↑、T↑
罗伊氏乳杆菌↑			精子发生↑	[15]
Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 6475↑			精子浓度↑ 精子活性↑
丁酸梭菌↑ Clostridium butyricum↑	代谢产物	丁酸(盐)↑	精子发生↑	[16]
粪球菌属↑Coprococcus↑			精子发生↑	[10]
肠杆菌属↑Enterobacters↑			精子发生↑	[10]
乳酸杆菌属↑Lactobacillus↑		天冬氨酸↑、苏氨酸↑	精子密度↑	[28]
肠球菌属↑Enterococcus↑			精子活率↑
梭菌属↑Clostridium↑			精子顶体完整率↑ 精子质膜完整率↑
Ruminococcaceae-NK4A214-group↑		维生素A↑	精子发生↓	[40]
粪球菌属↑Coprococcus↑		胆汁酸↓	精子发生↑	[9]
普雷沃菌↓Prevotella↓			精子畸形率↓	[10]
Ruminococcaceae-NK4A214-group↓			精子发生↓	[39]

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