不同消化速度的淀粉影响肉鸡对饲粮能量和蛋白质利用率的研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在探究不同消化速度的淀粉对肉鸡饲粮能量和蛋白质利用率的影响。采用单因素完全随机试验设计，选用4种不同消化速度的淀粉，即木薯淀粉（消化速度常数k_d=4.29 h^-1）、小麦淀粉（k_d=2.51 h^-1）、玉米淀粉（k_d=2.55 h^-1）和豌豆淀粉（k_d=1.03 h^-1）；2种蛋白质饲料即豆粕和玉米蛋白粉，配制成8个饲粮。在考察不同消化速度的淀粉对肉鸡饲粮氮沉积和代谢能的影响中，选取22日龄、体重接近（BW=1 050±6 g）的Arbor Acres plus肉鸡192只，随机分配至8个饲粮处理，每个处理6个重复，每个重复4只鸡，测定25~28日龄肉鸡对饲粮的能量代谢率及氮沉积率。在考察不同消化速度的淀粉对肉鸡淀粉表观回肠消化率和标准回肠氨基酸消化率（SIDAA）的影响中，选取25日龄、体重接近（BW=1 270±10 g）的Arbor Acres plus肉鸡432只，随机分配至8个试验饲粮和1个无氮饲粮处理，每个处理6个重复，每个重复8只鸡，测定肉鸡在28日龄对试验饲粮的淀粉回肠消化率、SIDAA。结果表明：1）在淀粉-豆粕饲粮中，肉鸡对中速消化淀粉（小麦淀粉和玉米淀粉）饲粮的淀粉表观回肠消化率显著地高于快、慢速消化淀粉（木薯淀粉和豌豆淀粉）饲粮（P<0.05），快速消化淀粉（木薯淀粉）饲粮的淀粉表观回肠消化率显著地高于慢速消化淀粉（豌豆淀粉）饲粮（P<0.05）；对快、中速消化淀粉（木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉和小麦淀粉）饲粮的能量代谢率高于慢速消化淀粉（豌豆淀粉）饲粮（P<0.05）；不同消化速度的淀粉对豆粕SIDAA无统计显著性影响，对玉米淀粉饲粮的氮沉积率高于其他3个淀粉饲粮（P<0.05）。2）在淀粉-玉米蛋白粉饲粮中，肉鸡对中速消化淀粉（小麦淀粉和玉米淀粉）饲粮的淀粉表观回肠消化率显著地高于快、慢速消化淀粉（木薯淀粉和豌豆淀粉）饲粮（P<0.05）；对中速消化淀粉（玉米淀粉）的能量代谢率高于快、慢速消化淀粉（木薯淀粉和豌豆淀粉）饲粮（P<0.05）；与快速消化淀粉（木薯淀粉）相比，中速消化淀粉（小麦淀粉和玉米淀粉）提高了玉米蛋白粉13种氨基酸和总氨基酸的标准回肠消化率（P<0.05），但不同消化速度淀粉下饲粮的氮沉积率无统计显著差异。3）8个试验饲粮的AME与AMEn与可消化淀粉和可代谢蛋白之间存在显著的线性回归关系（P<0.05）；饲粮的能量代谢率、总氨基酸消化率随淀粉消化率与总氨基酸消化率比值的增加而下降（P<0.05）。由此可见，中等消化速度的淀粉（小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉）在肉鸡回肠的淀粉消化率及饲粮能量代谢率上均高于慢速消化淀粉（豌豆淀粉）；而快速消化淀粉（木薯淀粉）与快速消化蛋白（玉米蛋白粉）配合时，降低了肉鸡回肠的淀粉消化率、饲粮能量代谢率及氨基酸消化率。总体上，淀粉消化率与总氨基酸消化率的比值与饲粮能量代谢率及氨基酸消化率呈负相关。

关键词: 淀粉, 消化速度, 蛋白质利用效率, 肉鸡

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of starch with different digestion rates on dietary energy and protein utilization in broilers. Eight dietary treatments from each of 4 starches with different digestion rates including cassava starch （k_d=4.29 h^-1）， wheat starch （k_d=2.51 h^-1）， corn starch （k_d=2.55 h^-1）， and pea starch （k_d=1.03 h^-1） combined with soybean meal or corn gluten meal were arranged in a single-factor completely randomized experiment. In the study on the effects of starch with different digestion rates on nitrogen retention and metabolizable energy of diets， a total of 192 Arbor Acres plus broilers of 22 days of age with similar body weight （BW=1 050±6 g） were selected and randomly assigned to 8 diets. Each treatment contained 6 replicates of 4 broilers in each replicate. The energy metabolizability and nitrogen retention rates were determined for diets fed to broilers aged 25 to 28 days. In the study on the effects of starch with different digestion rates on apparent ileal digestibility of starch and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acid （SIDAA） of diets， a total of 432 Arbor Acres plus broilers of 25 days of age with similar body weight （BW=1 270±10 g） were selected and randomly assigned to 8 diets and a nitrogen-free diet. Each treatment contained 6 replicates of 8 broilers in each replicate. The apparent ileal digestibility of starch and SIDAA were determined for diets fed to broilers at 28 days of age. The results showed as follows： 1） In the starch-soybean meal diets， the apparent ileal digestibility of starch in diets of moderately digestible starch （wheat starch and corn starch） were greater than these in diet of rapidly or slowly digestible starch （cassava starch or pea starch）（P<0.05）. The apparent ileal digestibility of starch in rapidly digestible starch （cassava starch） diet was greater than that in slowly digestible starch （pea starch） diet （P<0.05）. The diets of rapidly or moderately digestible starch （cassava starch， corn starch and wheat starch） had greater energy metabolizability than slowly digestible starch （pea starch） diet （P<0.05）. Starch with different digestion rates didn’t significantly affect the SIDAA of soybean meal. The nitrogen retention rate of corn starch diet was higher than other 3 starch diets （P<0.05）. 2） In the starch-corn gluten meal diets， the apparent ileal digestibility of starch in diets of moderately digestible starch （wheat starch and corn starch） were greater than these in diet of rapidly or slowly digestible starch （cassava starch or pea starch）（P<0.05）. The moderately digestible starch （corn starch） diet had greater energy metabolizability than diet of rapidly or slowly digestible starch （cassava starch or pea starch）（P<0.05）. Compared with rapidly digestible starch （cassava starch）， moderately digestible starch （wheat starch and corn starch） enhanced the standardized ileal digestibility of 13 amino acids and total amino acids in corn gluten meal （P<0.05）. However， no statistically significant difference was observed in nitrogen retention rate across diets with different digestion rates of starch. 3） A significant linear regression relationship between apparent metabolizable energy or nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy and digestible starch and metabolizable protein was observed in the 8 experimental diets （P<0.05）. The dietary energy metabilizablility and total amino acid digestibility decreased as the increase of the ratio of starch digestibility to total amino acid digestibility （P<0.05）. In conclusion， starches with moderate digestion rates （wheat starch， corn starch） have higher ileal digestibility of starch and dietary energy metabolizability compared to slowly digestible starch （pea starch）. However， when rapidly digestible starch （cassava starch） is combined with rapidly digestible protein （corn gluten meal）， the ileal digestibility of starch， dietary energy metabolizability and amino acid digestibility in broilers is reduced. Generally， the ratio of starch digestibility to total amino acid digestibility is negatively related with the energy metabolizability and amino acid digestibility.

Key words: starch, digestion rate, protein utilization, broiler

中图分类号:

S831

田凯, 叶晓梦, 任聪, 王钰明, 解竞静, 赵峰. 不同消化速度的淀粉影响肉鸡对饲粮能量和蛋白质利用率的研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026, 57(1): 282-293.

TIAN Kai, YE Xiaomeng, REN Cong, WANG Yuming, XIE Jingjing, ZHAO Feng. Effects of Starch with Different Digestion Rates on Dietary Energy and Protein Utilization in Broilers[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026, 57(1): 282-293.

图/表 5

表1

试验饲粮组成及其养分含量（风干基础） (%)"

项目 Item	淀粉-豆粕饲粮Starch-soybean meal diet				淀粉-玉米蛋白粉饲粮Starch-corn gluten meal diet				无氮饲粮 Nitrogen-free diet
项目 Item	木薯淀粉 Cassavastarch	小麦淀粉 Wheatstarch	玉米淀粉 Cornstarch	豌豆淀粉 Peastarch	木薯淀粉 Cassavastarch	小麦淀粉 Wheatstarch	玉米淀粉 Cornstarch	豌豆淀粉 Peastarch	无氮饲粮 Nitrogen-free diet
饲粮组成 Dietary composition
淀粉 Starch	47.45	47.45	47.45	47.45	63.53	63.53	63.53	63.53	59.80
豆粕 Soybean meal	44.70	44.70	44.70	44.70
玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal					32.20	32.20	32.20	32.20
豆油 Soybean oil	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00
葡萄糖 Glucose									31.50
纤维素 Cellulose									4.20
磷酸氢钙 Dicalcium phosphate	1.78	1.78	1.78	1.78	1.93	1.93	1.93	1.93	1.90
石粉 Limestone	0.77	0.77	0.77	0.77	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.30
氯化钠 Sodium chloride	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
二氧化钛 Titanium dioxide	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
预混料 Premix¹	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
合计 Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
营养水平 Nutrient levels²
干物质 Dry matter	92.02	92.42	92.02	92.20	91.35	90.75	90.78	90.21	94.34
粗蛋白质 Crude protein	20.31	20.51	20.45	20.50	20.34	20.53	20.48	20.28	0.51
粗脂肪 Ether extract	3.88	3.90	3.89	3.91	0.37	0.39	0.39	0.43	0.03
总淀粉 Total starch	44.15	45.09	45.81	45.49	66.49	64.12	62.60	63.62	-
总能/（MJ·kg^-1） Gross energy	17.16	17.26	17.16	17.17	16.76	16.82	16.82	16.60	15.06
必需氨基酸 Indispensable amino acid
精氨酸 Arg	1.317	1.313	1.336	1.429	0.565	0.578	0.579	0.572	0.003
组氨酸 His	0.510	0.487	0.494	0.505	0.409	0.419	0.414	0.413	0.003
亮氨酸 Leu	1.494	1.469	1.486	1.564	3.283	3.378	3.304	3.268	0.021
异亮氨酸 Ile	0.848	0.836	0.852	0.906	0.724	0.745	0.735	0.728	0.006
赖氨酸 Lys	1.181	1.169	1.177	1.230	0.287	0.302	0.310	0.307	0.046
蛋氨酸 Met	0.240	0.239	0.243	0.252	0.437	0.449	0.441	0.438	0.004
苯丙氨酸 Phe	0.987	0.956	0.963	1.023	1.213	1.251	1.226	1.211	0.003
苏氨酸 Thr	0.773	0.771	0.779	0.820	0.656	0.671	0.665	0.660	0.007
缬氨酸 Val	0.928	0.892	0.920	0.958	0.854	0.878	0.873	0.858	0.012
非必需氨基酸 Dispensable amino acid
天冬氨酸 Asp	2.329	2.303	2.334	2.422	1.188	1.220	1.219	1.212	0.022
丝氨酸 Ser	1.008	1.008	1.012	1.064	1.043	1.065	1.054	1.041	0.012
谷氨酸 Glu	3.585	3.575	3.627	3.798	4.548	4.668	4.576	4.546	0.048
甘氨酸 Gly	0.841	0.837	0.849	0.887	0.522	0.537	0.537	0.532	0.008
丙氨酸 Ala	0.839	0.840	0.850	0.886	1.848	1.895	1.860	1.835	0.016
半胱氨酸 Cys	0.294	0.291	0.309	0.306	0.343	0.358	0.341	0.341	0.021
脯氨酸 Pro	0.951	0.961	0.964	1.011	1.808	1.876	1.846	1.833	0.023
总氨基酸 TAA	18.125	17.947	18.195	19.061	19.728	20.290	19.980	19.795	0.255

表1

表2

表3

不同消化速度的淀粉对豆粕和玉米蛋白粉的氨基酸消化率及氮沉积率的影响"

项目 Item		豆粕标准回肠氨基酸消化率/% Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal						玉米蛋白粉标准回肠氨基酸消化率/% Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of corn gluten meal
项目 Item		木薯淀粉 Cassava starch	小麦淀粉 Wheat starch	玉米淀粉 Corn starch	豌豆淀粉 Pea starch	SEM	P值 P-value	木薯淀粉 Cassava starch	小麦淀粉 Wheat starch	玉米淀粉 Corn starch	豌豆淀粉 Pea starch	SEM	P值 P-value
必需氨基酸 Indispensable amino acid	精氨酸 Arg	86.54	87.10	85.61	87.74	1.74	0.848	87.08^b	93.63^a	92.74^a	89.98^ab	1.49	0.025
	组氨酸 His	81.07	82.05	80.64	83.47	1.70	0.657	83.30^b	90.91^a	89.96^a	87.28^ab	1.88	0.044
	亮氨酸 Leu	80.74	83.13	80.98	83.64	1.95	0.641	87.19^b	96.00^a	95.23^a	93.09^a	1.99	0.022
	异亮氨酸 Ile	80.37	82.82	80.83	83.62	1.99	0.616	84.86^b	93.49^a	92.56^a	89.81^ab	1.91	0.021
	赖氨酸 Lys	81.97	83.25	81.79	84.84	1.55	0.492	83.18^b	88.94^a	89.35^a	85.20^ab	1.57	0.032
	蛋氨酸 Met	83.57	86.37	84.26	85.44	1.88	0.730	86.79^b	95.29^a	94.55^a	92.61^a	1.78	0.013
	苯丙氨酸 Phe	81.73	83.87	81.00	82.92	2.08	0.774	86.95^b	95.00^a	94.27^a	91.94^ab	1.81	0.022
	苏氨酸 Thr	76.18	78.09	75.16	79.03	2.29	0.628	80.90^b	89.43^a	88.70^a	85.45^ab	1.87	0.018
	缬氨酸 Val	76.47	77.68	75.71	78.11	2.67	0.916	82.01^b	90.84^a	89.90^a	86.58^ab	1.80	0.011
非必需氨基酸 Dispensable amino acid	天冬氨酸 Asp	76.29	78.31	76.39	80.23	2.01	0.480	82.96^b	91.09^a	90.70^a	87.60^ab	1.81	0.017
	丝氨酸 Ser	78.68	80.71	78.00	81.78	2.13	0.576	85.28^b	93.65^a	93.15^a	90.52^a	1.77	0.012
	谷氨酸 Glu	81.74	82.94	81.21	83.44	2.04	0.856	86.54^b	94.99^a	94.21^a	91.86^ab	2.10	0.041
	甘氨酸 Gly	74.23	75.69	74.23	77.86	2.09	0.580	80.51	87.31	86.56	83.12	1.87	0.065
	丙氨酸 Ala	79.00	81.35	79.60	82.30	1.82	0.562	87.36^b	95.56^a	94.97^a	92.73^a	1.84	0.020
	半胱氨酸 Cys	66.72	68.52	67.51	71.83	3.59	0.759	80.60	87.23	85.47	83.16	2.07	0.167
	脯氨酸 Pro	78.27	79.99	77.41	81.37	2.15	0.577	85.86^b	93.98^a	92.99^a	90.46^ab	2.00	0.043
总氨基酸 Total amino acid		79.68	81.35	79.38	82.31	2.01	0.700	85.60^b	93.85^a	93.08^a	90.55^ab	1.89	0.025
可消化总氨基酸 Digestible total amino acid		15.70	15.80	15.70	17.02	0.40	0.080	18.49^b	20.98^a	20.49^a	19.87^a	0.41	0.003
氮沉积率/% Nitrogen retention rate		47.53^b	46.22^c	48.86^a	47.39^bc	0.44	0.041	27.00	27.95	35.32	24.94	3.17	0.142
可代谢粗蛋白/% Metabolizable crude protein		10.49^b	10.26^b	10.86^a	10.54^b	0.10	0.003	6.01	6.32	7.97	5.61	0.71	0.133

表3

图1

图2

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项目 Item	不同消化速度的淀粉Starch with different digestion rates				SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	木薯淀粉 Cassavastarch	小麦淀粉 Wheatstarch	玉米淀粉 Cornstarch	豌豆淀粉 PeaStarch	SEM	P值 P-value
淀粉-豆粕饲粮 Starch-soybean meal diet
淀粉表观回肠消化率/%Apparent ileal digestibility of starch	96.44^b	98.64^a	98.16^a	94.34^c	0.33	<0.001
可消化淀粉/% Digestible starch	46.27^c	48.12^b	48.86^a	46.55^c	0.16	<0.001
粗脂肪消化率/% Digestibility of ether extract	92.95^a	91.12^b	92.71^a	91.80^ab	0.44	0.027
可消化脂肪/% Digestible ether extract	3.91^a	3.84^b	3.92^a	3.90^a	0.02	0.034
AME/（MJ·kg^-1 DM）	14.22^a	14.06^b	14.14^ab	13.86^c	0.04	<0.001
AMEn/（MJ·kg^-1 DM）	13.64^a	13.49^b	13.54^ab	13.29^c	0.04	<0.001
AME/GE（%）	76.24^a	75.29^b	75.83^ab	74.44^c	0.21	<0.001
AMEn/GE（%）	73.15^a	72.27^b	72.62^ab	71.33^c	0.20	<0.001
淀粉-玉米蛋白粉饲粮 Starch-corn gluten meal diet
淀粉表观回肠消化率/%Apparent ileal digestibility of starch	95.39^b	98.77^a	98.87^a	96.44^b	0.50	<0.001
可消化淀粉/% Digestible starch	69.43^a	69.79^a	68.17^b	68.02^b	0.36	0.004
粗脂肪消化率/% Digestibility of ether extract	7.57^ab	0.25^b	24.34^a	19.71^a	6.21	0.047
可消化脂肪/% Digestible ether extract	0.03^ab	0.00^b	0.11^a	0.09^a	0.03	0.045
AME/（MJ·kg^-1 DM）	15.67^bc	16.02^ab	16.27^a	15.55^c	0.12	0.002
AMEn/（MJ·kg^-1 DM）	15.34^b	15.67^a	15.83^a	15.24^b	0.09	<0.001
AME/GE（%）	85.43^b	86.45^ab	87.83^a	84.50^b	0.67	0.014
AMEn/GE（%）	83.63^bc	84.57^ab	85.46^a	82.82^c	0.48	0.006