饲粮中添加绿原酸对热应激母兔繁殖性能及其仔兔生长的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.02.025

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 755-764.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.02.025

饲粮中添加绿原酸对热应激母兔繁殖性能及其仔兔生长的影响

梁慧¹^,²(), 赵静¹^,², 王妍雅¹^,², 龙润泽¹^,², 刘旭阳¹^,², 吴英杰¹^,², 刘宁¹^,²^,*(), 秦应和¹^,²^,*()

1. 中国农业大学动物科学技术学院畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室, 北京 100193
2. 中国农业大学动物科学技术学院畜禽育种国家工程实验室, 北京 100193

收稿日期:2024-05-06 出版日期:2025-02-23 发布日期:2025-02-26
通讯作者: 刘宁,秦应和 E-mail:lianghuineau@163.com;dadaliu@cau.edu.cn;qinyinghe@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:梁慧(2000-)，女，河南焦作人，硕士生，主要从事营养与繁殖研究，E-mail: lianghuineau@163.com
基金资助:
“十四五”重点研发-家兔高效养殖共性关键技术研究与集成示范(2023YFD1302005)；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助-兔-良种扩繁与生产技术(CARS-43)

Effects of Dietary Chlorogenic Acid on Reproductive Performance of Female Rabbits and Growth of Suckling Rabbits under Heat Stress Conditions

LIANG Hui¹^,²(), ZHAO Jing¹^,², WANG Yanya¹^,², LONG Runze¹^,², LIU Xuyang¹^,², WU Yingjie¹^,², LIU Ning¹^,²^,*(), QIN Yinghe¹^,²^,*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2. National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received:2024-05-06 Online:2025-02-23 Published:2025-02-26
Contact: LIU Ning, QIN Yinghe E-mail:lianghuineau@163.com;dadaliu@cau.edu.cn;qinyinghe@cau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究绿原酸(CGA)对热应激下母兔繁殖性能及其仔兔生长的影响，并筛选绿原酸的适宜添加量。选取体重和胎次相近的伊拉母兔460只，将其随机分为5组，分别为对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、CGA-200组(饲喂基础饲粮+200 mg·kg^-1 CGA)、CGA-400组(饲喂基础饲粮+400 mg·kg^-1 CGA)、CGA-600组(饲喂基础饲粮+600 mg·kg^-1 CGA)和CGA-800组(饲喂基础饲粮+800 mg·kg^-1 CGA)，预饲期7 d，试验期71 d，试验期间记录兔舍内温度和相对湿度并计算温度湿度指数(THI)，测定繁殖性能和血清抗氧化能力。THI结果表明，整个试验期间热应激天数占比为67%，其中极度热应激、重度热应激和轻度热应激天数的占比分别为27%、20%和20%。与对照组相比，CGA-400组母兔的受胎率和产仔率分别显著增加29.08个百分点(71.25% vs. 42.17%)和18.77个百分点(52.50% vs. 33.73%)(P < 0.05)；与对照组相比，CGA-400组母兔的窝产仔数和窝产活仔数显著增加0.80只(8.36 vs. 7.56)和1.01只(7.64 vs. 6.63)(P < 0.05)；CGA-400组窝产仔总重、活仔窝重及活仔均重显著增加(P < 0.05)；此外，与对照组相比，饲粮中添加400 mg·kg^-1 CGA显著增加7、14、21和35 d仔兔的窝重和均重(P < 0.05)；血清中激素和抗氧化相关指标结果显示，与对照组相比，饲粮中添加400 mg·kg^-1 CGA显著提高母兔妊娠15 d时血清中孕酮(P)的含量(P < 0.05)，显著提高血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性(P < 0.05)，显著降低血清中丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P < 0.05)。综上，饲粮中添加400 mg·kg^-1 CGA能显著改善热应激条件下母兔繁殖性能及仔兔的生长，降低母兔氧化应激水平。

关键词: 绿原酸, 热应激, 母兔, 繁殖性能, 仔兔

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on the reproductive performance of female rabbits and the growth of suckling rabbits under heat stress conditions, and to screen the optimum dosage of CGA supplemented in basal diet. Four hundred and sixty Hyla female rabbits with similar body weight and parity were randomly assigned into five groups: Control group (basal diet), CGA-200 group (basal diet+200 mg·kg^-1 CGA), CGA-400 group (basal diet+400 mg·kg^-1 CGA), CGA-600 group (basal diet+600 mg·kg^-1 CGA) and CGA-800 group (basal diet+800 mg·kg^-1 CGA). The pre-feeding period lasted for 7 days, and the experimental period lasted for 71 days. During the experiment, the environmental temperature and relative humidity of the rabbit house were monitored and recorded to calculate the temperature-humidity index (THI), and the reproductive performance and serum antioxidant capacity were determined. The results of THI showed that the proportions of heat stress conditions were 67%, in which extreme heat stress, severe heat stress and moderate heat stress were 27%, 20% and 20%, respectively. Results showed that the conception rate and farrowing rate in CGA-400 group were significantly elevated by 29.08 percentage points (71.25% vs. 42.17%) and 18.77 percentage points (52.50% vs. 33.73%), respectively, when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the litter size and number of kits born alive in 400 mg·kg^-1 CGA group were significantly enhanced by 0.80 (8.36 vs. 7.56) and 1.01 (7.64 vs. 6.63) (P < 0.05). Moreover, 400 mg·kg^-1 CGA supplementation significantly enhanced overall weight of the litter, the weight of litters born alive, and the average body weight of kits born alive when compared with control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary supplemented with 400 mg·kg^-1 CGA significantly increased the litter weight and average body weight of suckling rabbits at 7, 14, 21 and 35 days after birth (P < 0.05). Additionally, dietary supplemented with 400 mg·kg^-1 CGA significantly enhanced the concentration of progesterone (P), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities(P < 0.05), and significantly reduced MDA concentration in the serum of females rabbits when compared with that of the control group at the 15th day of gestation (P < 0.05). Collectively, dietary supplemented with 400 mg·kg^-1 CGA significantly improved reproductive performance of female rabbits and the growth of suckling rabbits under heat stress. In conclusion, 400 mg·kg^-1 CGA can alleviate heat stress-induced oxidative stress, improve reproductive performance of female rabbits and the growth of suckling rabbits.

Key words: chlorogenic acid, heat stress, female rabbit, reproductive performance, suckling rabbits

中图分类号:

S829.1

梁慧, 赵静, 王妍雅, 龙润泽, 刘旭阳, 吴英杰, 刘宁, 秦应和. 饲粮中添加绿原酸对热应激母兔繁殖性能及其仔兔生长的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(2): 755-764.

LIANG Hui, ZHAO Jing, WANG Yanya, LONG Runze, LIU Xuyang, WU Yingjie, LIU Ning, QIN Yinghe. Effects of Dietary Chlorogenic Acid on Reproductive Performance of Female Rabbits and Growth of Suckling Rabbits under Heat Stress Conditions[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(2): 755-764.

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原料 Raw material	含量 Content	营养水平²⁾ Nutritional level	含量 Content
玉米Corn	14.00	消化能/(MJ·kg^-1) Digestible energy	11.30
次粉Wheat middling	4.00	干物质Dry matter	91.50
麸皮Wheat bran	7.60	粗蛋白质Crude protein	18.69
羊草Chinese wildrye	6.00	粗脂肪Ether extract	3.37
黑啤酒糟Dark brewer grain	15.00	粗纤维Crude fiber	16.13
花生壳Peanut shell	5.00	中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber	37.74
豆粕Soybean meal	10.00	酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber	21.23
大豆油Soybean oil	0.50	粗灰分Crude ash	8.72
白杆粉Picea meyeri powder	5.00	盐Sodium chloride	0.45
麦芽根Malt root	8.50	钙Calcium	1.12
棕榈粕Palm kernel meal	5.00	磷Phosphorus	0.77
稻壳粉Rice shell powder	7.30	赖氨酸Lysine	0.92
花生秧粉Peanut seedling powder	7.00	总蛋氨酸Total methionine	0.44
预混料Premix¹⁾	5.10	苏氨酸Threonine	0.62

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	CGA-200组 CGA-200 group	CGA-400组 CGA-400 group	CGA-600组 CGA-600 group	CGA-800组 CGA-800 group
参配母兔(妊娠母兔)/只 No. of rabbit accepted mating (No. of pregnant rabbit)	83(35)	77(46)	80(57)	82(55)	79(44)
受胎率/% Conception rate	42.17^b	59.74^a	71.25^a	67.07^a	55.70^b
产仔率/% Farrowing rate	33.73^b	37.66^b	52.50^a	48.78^a	34.18^b
窝产仔数/只 Litter size	7.56±0.51^b	7.25±0.46^b	8.36±0.50^a	8.37±0.60^a	8.50±0.53^a
窝产活仔数/只 No. of rabbit born alive	6.63±0.62^b	6.50±0.76^b	7.64±0.50^a	7.74±0.81^a	7.90±0. 74^a
窝产死胎数/只 No. of rabbit born dead	0.94±0.57	0.75±0.46	0.71±0. 47	0.63±0.50	0.60±0.52
初生总窝重/g Total litter weight	493.75±20.62^c	492.50±21.21^c	557.86±21.90^a	536.84±27.09^b	541.00±15.24^ab
初生活仔窝重/g Litter weight born alive	433.13±31.56^b	446.25±31.59^b	525.00±21.03^a	507.89±35.21^a	515.00±31.71^a
初生活仔均重/g Average weight of rabbit born alive	65.53±2.46^b	68.95±3.05^a	68.89±4.10^a	66.36±3.12^ab	65.43±3.63^b

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	CGA-200组 CGA-200 group	CGA-400组 CGA-400 group	CGA-600组 CGA-600 group	CGA-800组 CGA-800 group
7 d窝仔兔数/只 No. of rabbits per litter at 7 d	5.99±0.47^b	5.80±0.32^b	6.27±0.47^a	6.73±0.47^a	6.8±0.42^a
7 d仔兔窝重/g Litter weight at 7 d	703.00±29.08^c	686.00±22.71^c	794.55±32.97^ab	812.73±33.4^a	769.00±31.42^b
7 d仔兔均重/g Average weight of rabbits at 7 d	117.51±5.34^bc	116.47±4.85^c	126.97±5.15^a	121.06±4.25^b	113.26±3.70^c
14 d窝仔兔数/只 No. of rabbits per litter at 14 d	5.90±0.54	5.80±0.42	6.18±0.40	6.27±0.47	6.20±0.42
14 d仔兔窝重/g Litter weight at 14 d	1 237.27±69.58^c	1 228.00±65.12^c	1 456.36±44.78^a	1 360.90±52.62^b	1 373.00±34.98^b
14 d仔兔均重/g Average weight of rabbits at 14 d	210.06±8.77^c	212.07±6.17^c	236.04±7.73^a	217.47±7.88^bc	222.03±9.81^b
21 d窝仔兔数/只 No. of rabbits per litter at 21 d	5.82±0. 40^ab	5.70±0.48^b	6.10±0.32^a	6.16±0.40^a	6.10±0.32^a
21 d仔兔窝重/g Litter weight at 21 d	1 807.27±112.88^b	1 816.00±126.60^b	1 956.00±81.40^a	1 967.50±81.37^a	1 949.00±54.86^a
21 d仔兔均重/g Average weight of rabbits at 21 d	310.79±3.18^b	319.00±5.65^a	320.81±4.78^a	319.42±6.67^a	319.83±7.35^a
35 d窝仔兔数/只 No. of rabbits per litter at 35 d	5.73±0.47^ab	5.60±0.52^b	5.90±0.32^ab	6.08±0.29^a	5.80±0.42^ab
35 d仔兔窝重/g Litter weight at 35 d	3 995.45±255.44^b	3 941.00±320.67^b	4 359.09±216.22^a	4 293.33±94.80^a	4 085.00±228.05^b
35 d仔兔均重/g Average weight of rabbits at 35 d	698.73±18.55^b	704.43±10.07^b	737.79±7.40^a	706.63±23.14^b	705.23±15.84^b

平均采食量 Average feed intake	对照组 Control	CGA-200组 CGA-200 group	CGA-400组 CGA-400 group	CGA-600组 CGA-600 group	CGA-800组 CGA-800 group
妊娠前期(0~10 d) First trimester(0-10 d)	287.60±12.30^c	356.60±7.13^a	326.60±6.50^b	345.00±13.89^a	342.00±12.17^a
妊娠中期(11~20 d) Second trimester(11-20 d)	367.00±6.56^c	429.80±7.43^a	427.80±7.05^a	413.40±11.15^b	407.60±6.12^b
妊娠后期(21~30 d) Late pregnancy(21-30 d)	216.60±20.59	220.60±22.40	222.80±18.50	223.80±8.58	228.80±16.26
哺乳期 Lactation	339.50±11.13^b	335.00±12.25^b	362.90±8.58^a	365.20±10.69^a	358.10±10.04^a

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	CGA-200组 CGA-200 group	CGA-400组 CGA-400 group	CGA-600组 CGA-600 group	CGA-800组 CGA-800 group
孕酮/(ng·mL^－1) P	2.99±0.92^b	0.31±0.15^b	22.45±5.50^a	19.30±4.11^a	4.40±3.66^b
雌二醇/(pg·mL^－1) E₂	9.43±1.58^b	23.50±2.38^a	10.39±1.12^b	9.63±1.86^b	10.24±3.10^b
超氧化物歧化酶/(U·mL^－1) SOD	366.02±6.78^b	372.22±7.65^b	380.62±4.32^a	368.01±6.30^b	373.52±7.15^b
丙二醛/(nmol·mL^－1) MDA	4.56±0.34^ab	4.33±0.25^b	3.77±0.14^c	4.26±0.30^b	4.98±0.18^a
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶/(U·mL^－1) GSH-px	880.57±11.62^b	916.25±37.75^ab	952.63±8.90^a	911.06±39.68^ab	912.91±24.64^ab
总抗氧化能力/(U·mL^－1) T-AOC	13.36±0.25^c	13.94±0.03^b	14.67±0.04^ab	14.13±0.45^a	14.66±0.44^a

饲粮中添加绿原酸对热应激母兔繁殖性能及其仔兔生长的影响

Effects of Dietary Chlorogenic Acid on Reproductive Performance of Female Rabbits and Growth of Suckling Rabbits under Heat Stress Conditions

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