猪肠道冠状病毒功能性受体及入侵相关宿主因子研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.12.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 冠状病毒种类多，感染谱广，对人和动物健康危害严重。以猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)为代表的猪肠道冠状病毒对全球养猪业构成严重威胁。近年来，新发现的猪丁型冠状病毒(PDCoV)已被证实具备突破物种屏障、感染人类的潜在风险。病毒是严格的胞内寄生物，其感染宿主涉及黏附、侵入、复制、组装以及释放等复杂过程。其中，病毒囊膜表面刺突蛋白与宿主细胞膜特异性受体/辅助因子的相互作用，不仅决定其组织嗜性和宿主范围，更是影响病毒跨物种传播能力的关键分子基础。本文主要介绍上述猪肠道冠状病毒的功能受体和入侵相关宿主因子的发现思路、研究现状、存在问题以及未来方向，以期为揭示冠状病毒的感染与致病机制提供借鉴，同时对发掘靶向受体的新型抗病毒药物以及基于基因编辑的抗病育种具有潜在意义。

关键词: 冠状病毒, 刺突蛋白, 受体, 宿主因子, 猪

Abstract: Coronaviruses, infecting diverse species with broad infection spectra, continue to devastate human and animal health. Porcine intestinal coronaviruses, represented by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), pose serious challenges to the global swine industry. The newly identified porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) has been shown to possess zoonotic potential in experimental settings, highlighting the risk of interspecies transmission. As obligate intracellular parasites, viral infection involves complex processes, including attachment, entry, replication, assembly, and release. Among these stages, the interaction between viral envelope spike proteins and specific receptors on host cell membranes not only determines tissue tropism and host range but also constitutes the fundamental molecular basis affecting cross-species transmission. This review primarily focuses on the methodological advances, current research landscapes, and unresolved challenges regarding the functional receptors and host entry factors of these porcine enteric coronaviruses. Through this systematic analysis, we aim to provide a reference for elucidating the infection and pathogenic mechanisms of coronaviruses, particularly for designing receptor-blocking therapeutics and genome-editing-based breeding programs.

Key words: coronavirus, spike, receptor, host factors, pigs

中图分类号:

S852.659.6

班曼曼, 宗瑞, 唐金梦, 马雨辰, 杜帅, 袁一心, 李文涛, 杜文娟, 李永涛. 猪肠道冠状病毒功能性受体及入侵相关宿主因子研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(12): 6060-6072.

BAN Manman, ZONG Rui, TANG Jinmeng, MA Yuchen, DU Shuai, YUAN Yixin, LI Wentao, DU Wenjuan, LI Yongtao. Research Progress on Functional Receptors and Host Entry Factors of Porcine Enteric Coronaviruses[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(12): 6060-6072.

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