畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (1): 146-154.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.013

• 遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

川乡黑猪、巴克夏猪、杜洛克猪肠道微生物多样性差异分析

王言1(), 顾以韧2, 张进威3,4, 杨雪梅1, 梁艳1, 刘锐1, 陶璇1, 杨跃奎1, 安瑞1, 杨坤1, 张兴1, 陈晓晖1, 龚建军1()   

  1. 1.四川省畜牧科学研究院,畜禽种业四川省重点实验室,成都 610066
    2.西南民族大学畜牧兽医学院,成都 610041
    3.重庆市畜牧科学院,重庆 402460
    4.农业农村部养猪科学重点实验室 养猪科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆 402460
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-28 出版日期:2026-01-23 发布日期:2026-01-26
  • 通讯作者: 龚建军 E-mail:376471617@qq.com;460616227@qq.com
  • 作者简介:王言,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事猪遗传育种与繁殖研究,E-mail:376471617@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    农业农村部养猪科学重点实验室开放课题(24507C);省财政运行专项(SASA2025CZYX001);现代农业产业技术体系四川生猪创新团队(SCCXTD-2025-08);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-35)

Analysis of Intestinal Microbial Diversity Differences among Chuanxiang Black Pigs, Berkshire Pigs and Duroc Pigs

WANG Yan1(), GU Yiren2, ZHANG Jinwei3,4, YANG Xuemei1, LIANG Yan1, LIU Rui1, TAO Xuan1, YANG Yuekui1, AN Rui1, YANG Kun1, ZHANG Xing1, CHEN Xiaohui1, GONG Jianjun1()   

  1. 1.Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Sichuan Animal Science Academy,Chengdu 610066,China
    2.College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences of Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China
    3.Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences,Chongqing 402460,China
    4.Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pig Sciences,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Sciences,Chongqing 402460,China
  • Received:2025-05-28 Online:2026-01-23 Published:2026-01-26
  • Contact: GONG Jianjun E-mail:376471617@qq.com;460616227@qq.com

摘要:

旨在通过16S rRNA测序技术和生物信息学分析手段探究川乡黑猪、巴克夏猪、杜洛克猪肠道微生物的多样性差异。川乡黑猪、巴克夏猪、杜洛克猪在体重达120 kg时进行屠宰,屠宰时采集3个猪种直肠的粪便,利用16S rRNA测序技术和生物信息学手段对不同猪种肠道微生物多样性进行分析。结果表明,巴克夏猪的菌群多样性显著低于川乡黑猪和杜洛克猪(P<0.05),3个猪种的菌群群落结构有显著差异(P<0.05)。在门水平,川乡黑猪厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)丰度显著低于巴克夏猪(P<0.05),川乡黑猪和杜洛克猪的拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)丰度显著高于巴克夏猪(P<0.05)。在属水平,川乡黑猪和杜洛克猪的理研菌科RC9菌属丰度(Rikenellaceae RC9 gutgroup)显著高于巴克夏猪(P<0.05),川乡黑猪普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、普雷沃氏菌科NK3B31菌属(Prevotellaceae NK3B31group)丰度显著高于杜洛克猪和巴克夏猪(P<0.05),杜洛克和巴克夏猪狭义梭菌属 1(Clostridium sensu stricto 1)丰度显著高于川乡黑猪(P<0.05);LEfSe分析显示,在属水平上,川乡黑猪、巴克夏猪、杜洛克猪中分别存在14种、7种、1种差异微生物;功能预测结果显示,川乡黑猪的微生物群落中与氨基酸代谢相关的通路显著富集,巴克夏猪中与丙酮酸代谢等相关的通路显著富集,杜洛克猪中与蛋白质运输等相关的通路显著富集。综上所述,川乡黑猪、巴克夏猪和杜洛克猪的肠道微生物组成和功能存在显著差异,这些差异可能影响宿主的营养代谢、能量利用和免疫调节等功能。

关键词: 川乡黑猪, 巴克夏猪, 杜洛克猪, 16S rRNA, 微生物多样性

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the differences in intestinal microbial diversity among Chuanxiang Black pigs, Berkshire pigs, and Duroc pigs using 16S rRNA sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis. When the body weight of the pigs reached 120 kg, Chuanxiang Black pigs, Berkshire pigs, and Duroc pigs were slaughtered, and rectal fecal samples were collected from each breed. The intestinal microbial diversity of the different pig breeds was then analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing technology and bioinformatics approaches. The results demonstrated that the microbial diversity of Berkshire pigs was significantly lower than that of Chuanxiang Black pigs and Duroc pigs (P<0.05), and the microbial community structures among the 3 pig breeds showed significant differences (P<0.05). At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes in Chuanxiang Black pigs was significantly lower than that in Berkshire pigs (P<0.05), while the abundance of Bacteroidota in both Chuanxiang Black pigs and Duroc pigs was significantly higher than that in Berkshire pigs (P<0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group in Chuanxiang Black pigs and Duroc pigs was significantly higher than that in Berkshire pigs (P<0.05). The abundances of Prevotella and Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group in Chuanxiang Black pigs were significantly higher than those in Duroc pigs and Berkshire pigs (P<0.05), while the abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 in both Duroc pigs and Berkshire pigs was significantly higher than that in Chuanxiang Black pigs (P<0.05). LEfSe analysis showed that there were 14, 7, and 1 differential microorganisms in Chuanxiang Black pigs, Berkshire pigs, and Duroc pigs at the genus level, respectively. Functional prediction results showed that pathways related to amino acid metabolism were significantly enriched in the microbial community of Chuanxiang Black pigs, pathways related to pyruvate metabolism and others were significantly enriched in Berkshire pigs, and pathways related to protein transport and others were significantly enriched in Duroc pigs. In conclusion, there are significant differences in the composition and function of intestinal microbiota among Chuanxiang Black pigs, Berkshire pigs, and Duroc pigs. These differences may affect the host's nutritional metabolism, energy utilization, immune regulation, and other functions.

Key words: Chuanxiang black pigs, Berkshire pigs, Duroc pigs, 16S rRNA, microbial diversity

中图分类号: