冠状病毒辅助蛋白功能研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

冠状病毒RNA基因组由多个开放阅读框组成，除了表达结构蛋白和非结构蛋白外，还可以表达辅助蛋白。冠状病毒辅助蛋白具有种属特异性，不同冠状病毒编码数量不等的辅助蛋白。冠状病毒辅助蛋白不是病毒复制所必需的，但是部分辅助蛋白参与宿主免疫反应，在病毒发病机制和病毒毒力中起重要作用。冠状病毒辅助蛋白研究为开发治疗药物提供新的潜在靶点，为疾病预防和治疗提供理论指导。本文对几种具有代表性冠状病毒的辅助蛋白的功能进行综述，重点介绍辅助蛋白与病毒-宿主相互作用的关系，包括辅助蛋白在促进宿主细胞凋亡、宿主天然免疫调节，以及在宿主体内致病性的作用，有助于了解冠状病毒的感染和发病机制，为研制新型疫苗和抗病毒药物提供参考。

关键词: 冠状病毒, 辅助蛋白, 细胞凋亡, 天然免疫, 致病性, 疫苗

Abstract:

The RNA genome of coronavirus contains multiple open reading frames， coding for structural proteins， non-structural proteins， as well as accessory proteins. The accessory proteins of coronavirus are species specific， and the amounts of accessory proteins differ between the species. Coronavirus accessory proteins are not necessary for viral replication， but some of them are involved in the host immune response， viral pathogenesis and virus virulence. Research on coronavirus accessory proteins will provide new potential targets for the development of therapeutic drugs and theoretical guidance for disease prevention and treatment. In this paper， the functions of several representative accessory proteins of coronaviruses are reviewed. It focuses on the relationship between accessory proteins and virus-host interactions， including the role of accessory proteins in promoting host cell apoptosis， host innate immune regulation， and pathogenicity in the host. This will help to investigate the infection and pathogenesis of coronavirus， and provide reference for developing new vaccines and antiviral drugs.

Key words: coronavirus, accessory protein, cell apoptosis, innate immunity, pathogenicity, vaccine

中图分类号:

S852.659.6

赵秀美, 赵海娜, 华姝, 程旭, 陈祥, 姜逸. 冠状病毒辅助蛋白功能研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026, 57(1): 96-107.

ZHAO Xiumei, ZHAO Haina, HUA Shu, CHENG Xu, CHEN Xiang, JIANG Yi. Research Progress on the Functions of Coronavirus Accessory Proteins[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026, 57(1): 96-107.

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种属 Genera	病毒 Virus	数量 Quantity	主要功能 Main functions
α-CoV	PEDV	1	调节宿主免疫反应与病毒毒力
	TGEV	3	调控宿主免疫反应、病毒毒力与组织嗜性
	FIPV	5	调控宿主免疫反应、炎症反应与病毒毒力
β-CoV	MHV	4	免疫抑制与病毒毒力
	MERS-CoV	5	免疫抑制、炎症反应、病毒毒力
	SARS- CoV	8	炎症反应、细胞凋亡、免疫抑制与病毒毒力
	SARS- CoV-2	9	炎症反应、细胞凋亡、免疫抑制与病毒毒力
γ-CoV	IBV	4	免疫抑制、发病机理与病毒毒力
δ-CoV	PDCoV	3	免疫抑制与病毒毒力