细胞外囊泡在猪繁殖中的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.12.004

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (12): 5972-5986.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.12.004

细胞外囊泡在猪繁殖中的研究进展

张小芳¹^,⁴(), 祝媛媛¹, 黄雯卉¹, 甘霖生¹, 刘杰²^,³^,⁴, 魏立民²^,³^,⁴, 柒启恩¹^,*()

1. 佛山大学动物科技学院, 佛山 528225
2. 海南省农业科学院三亚研究院(海南省实验动物研究中心), 三亚 572025
3. 海南省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 海口 571100
4. 海南省热带动物繁育与疫病研究重点实验室, 海口 571100

收稿日期:2025-04-18 出版日期:2025-12-23 发布日期:2025-12-24
通讯作者: 柒启恩 E-mail:2819831857@qq.com;qiqien@fosu.edu.cn
作者简介:张小芳(1996-)，女，贵州德江人，硕士生，主要从事动物营养与饲料的研究，E-mail: 2819831857@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31902228)；海南省热带动物繁育与疫病研究重点实验室开放课题(HAASXM2025HKL03)

Research Progress of Extracellular Vesicles in Porcine Reproduction

ZHANG Xiaofang¹^,⁴(), ZHU Yuanyuan¹, HUANG Wenhui¹, GAN Linsheng¹, LIU Jie²^,³^,⁴, WEI Limin²^,³^,⁴, QI Qien¹^,*()

1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
2. Sanya Research Institute of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
3. Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China
4. Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Haikou 571100, China

Received:2025-04-18 Online:2025-12-23 Published:2025-12-24
Contact: QI Qien E-mail:2819831857@qq.com;qiqien@fosu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles，EVs)属于细胞分泌衍生的膜结构，是细胞间信息物质传递的载体，在动物生殖过程中发挥着关键作用。哺乳动物繁殖是一个较为复杂的过程，受多种因素调控。随着对EVs在动物繁殖中研究的不断深入，其在猪繁殖中的应用也逐渐展现出巨大潜力。EVs主要通过参与多种生理功能来实现生殖过程中的平衡，确保猪繁殖过程中配子发生、受精、囊胚植入、胚胎着床及分娩等环节的顺利进行。本文对EVs的生物学特征及其在猪繁殖各阶段的作用进行了综述，旨在为EVs在猪繁殖中的研究应用提供一定的理论参考。

关键词: 细胞外囊泡, 猪, 繁殖

Abstract:

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) belong to the membrane structure derived from cell secretion, which are the carriers of information material transfer between cells, playing crucial roles in mammalian reproduction process. Mammalian reproduction is a rather complex process, regulated by multiple factors. With the continuous deepening of the research on EVs in animal reproduction, their application in pig reproduction has gradually demonstrated great potential. EVs mainly achieve balance in the reproductive process by participating in a variety of physiological functions, ensuring the smooth progress of gametogenesis, fertilization, blastocyst implantation, embryo implantation, and delivery in the process of pig reproduction. This article reviews the biological characteristics of EVs and their roles in various porcine reproduction stages, aiming to provide some theoretical reference for deep research and application of EVs in porcine reproduction.

Key words: extracellular vesicles, porcine, reproduction

中图分类号:

S828.3

张小芳, 祝媛媛, 黄雯卉, 甘霖生, 刘杰, 魏立民, 柒启恩. 细胞外囊泡在猪繁殖中的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(12): 5972-5986.

ZHANG Xiaofang, ZHU Yuanyuan, HUANG Wenhui, GAN Linsheng, LIU Jie, WEI Limin, QI Qien. Research Progress of Extracellular Vesicles in Porcine Reproduction[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(12): 5972-5986.

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EVs亚型 EVs subtype	外泌体(EXO) Exosome	微泡(MV) Microvesicle	凋亡小体(AB) Aapoptotic body	参考文献 Reference
直径Diameter	30~100 nm	100~1 000 nm	1~5 μm	[13]
密度梯度 Density gradient	1.13~1.19 g·mL^-1	1.25~1.30 g·mL^-1	1.16~1.28 g·mL^-1	[13]
检测方法 Detection method	TEM、FC、蛋白质印迹、质谱	FC、基于捕获的检测、TEM	FC、TEM	[7]
内容Content	蛋白质、脂质、核酸、酶	蛋白质、脂质、核酸	完整的细胞器、染色质、少量糖基化蛋白	[14]
功能Function	具有特异性免疫反应、抗原呈递、免疫激活、免疫抑制	具有促凝活性和调节自身免疫性疾病的作用	免疫抑制	[7, 13]
分泌Secretion	细胞多泡体胞吐作用	通过质膜的出芽/起泡	凋亡细胞的气泡中释放	[7]
标志物Biomarker	CD63、CD81、CD9、LAMP1和TSG101	组织因子和细胞特异性标志物、整合素	DNA含量、组蛋白	[7, 13]
位置Position	所有细胞类型	红细胞、血小板、淋巴细胞、内皮细胞	将凋亡小体释放到细胞外间隙的垂死细胞	[13, 14]

EVs来源 Source of EVs	作用 Function	参考文献 Reference
精浆EVs Seminal plasma EVs	保护精子的细胞质膜、DNA完整性、运动性，提高精子的存活力和存活率。	[46]
	提高精子存活率、功能、保护精子免受免疫排斥反应。	[47, 48]
	提高精子活力、改善精子质膜完整性、缓解氧化应激、抑制精子早衰、降低丙二醛含量。	[37]
	增加精子中细胞内ATP、以及精子活力和降低凋亡率。	[49]
附睾上皮细胞EVs Epididymal epithelial cell EVs	刺激精子活力、调节精子运动和防止氧化应激。	[50]
	EVs(附睾小体)参与精子活力，防止过早获能和顶体反应。	[51]
	调节精子运动、影响精子成熟。	[52]
前列腺体EVs Prostate gland EVs	保护精子、调节活力、诱导顶体反应、向精子发送信号Ca²⁺、抗氧化活性、胆固醇获能、顶体反应。	[35, 53]
血清EVs Serum EVs	改善解冻后精子的运动性、活力、获能、结构完整性、抗氧化能力、线粒体活性和膜完整性。	[54]

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细胞外囊泡在猪繁殖中的研究进展

Research Progress of Extracellular Vesicles in Porcine Reproduction

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