羽毛断层带(Fault Bars)的形成机制及在家禽福利评价中的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.12.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 断层带(fault bars)是羽毛生长过程中由于角蛋白合成受阻形成的一种畸形，其形成使得羽枝变得脆弱甚至断裂，引起羽片缺失，进而损害鸟类的飞行能力与生存适应性。在野生鸟类上的研究表明，羽毛断层带的出现可能与营养缺乏、环境、疾病感染及遗传等多种因素有关。尽管成因仍不明确，但动物在羽毛生长过程中遭受到生理或心理应激可诱导断层带的发生已被广泛接受。现代化高密度养殖环境中，家禽易遭受多种应激，福利水平受到影响。然而在实践中对家禽应激水平进行评价一直是福利评估中的难点。近年来羽毛断层带作为一种无伤害、操作性强的潜在家禽福利评估指标逐渐受到关注。本文就羽毛断层带形成的影响因素和形成机制，及其目前在家禽福利评价中的应用进行综述，以期为完善家禽福利评价体系提供参考。

关键词: 羽毛断层带, 应激, 福利评价, 家禽

Abstract: Fault bars are structural deformities formed during feather growth due to disrupted keratin synthesis, leading to weakened or fractured barbules, loss of vane integrity, and consequently impaired flight capacity and survival adaptability in birds. Studies on wild birds have shown that the occurrence of feather fault bars may be associated with multiple factors, such as nutritional deficiencies, environmental stressors, disease infections, and genetic predispositions. Although the exact etiology remains unclear, it has been widely accepted that physiological or psychological stressors during feather growth can induce fault bars formation. In modern farming systems, poultry are frequently exposed to multiple stressors in the high-density environment, compromising their welfare status. However, evaluating stress level in poultry remains a persistent challenge in practical welfare assessments. Recently, fault bars have gained attention as a non-invasive, practical, and promising biomarker for poultry welfare evaluation. This review synthesizes the influencing factors and formation mechanisms of fault bars, as well as their current applications in poultry welfare assessment, aiming to provide insights for improving poultry welfare evaluation systems.

Key words: feather fault bars, stress, welfare assessment, poultry

中图分类号:

S852.2

易锦帆, 郭锋, 王松, 张奥宇, 张艳红. 羽毛断层带(Fault Bars)的形成机制及在家禽福利评价中的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(12): 5963-5971.

YI Jinfan, GUO Feng, WANG Song, ZHANG Aoyu, ZHANG Yanhong. Formation Mechanism of Feather Fault Bars and Research Progress in the Welfare Assessment of Domestic Poultry[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(12): 5963-5971.

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