“金乌猪”背部皮下脂肪脂质组成分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.11.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在明确黑猪新品系“金乌猪”的脂肪沉积特性及脂质组成特点，为其进一步选育、推广奠定理论基础。本研究以7月龄“金乌猪”背部脂肪组织为研究对象，以出栏重相同((117±5) kg)的杜长大猪为对照，通过冰冻切片分析脂肪细胞大小与形态；采用非靶向脂质组学技术，结合Waters UPLC串联Q Exactive高分辨质谱仪检测脂质组成；通过Lipid Search软件注释数据，利用主成分分析PCA、偏最小二乘判别分析PLS-DA及变量投影重要度VIP值统计分析，以VIP值>1，FC>1.5或FC < 0.65，且P < 0.05为条件筛选差异脂质。切片分析结果发现“金乌猪”脂肪细胞直径((199±14) μm)显著大于杜长大猪((120±15) μm)(P < 0.05)。脂质组学分析发现“金乌猪”有95种脂质的丰度(34种上调，61种下调)与杜长大猪存在显著差异，主要集中于磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)和甘油三酯(TG)。功能富集分析发现，差异脂质功能涉及到细胞膜组分、甘油磷酸胆碱(促进神经递质合成)、甘油磷脂(参与细胞膜结构及信号传递)、内质网和不饱和脂肪酸等。差异脂质与脂肪细胞直径关联分析表明，脂肪细胞直径与PC类脂质呈负相关，与TG类、PE类、PS类脂质呈正相关。综上，与杜长大猪相比，“金乌猪”背部脂肪组织中脂肪细胞体积大、脂质沉积多；其中TG、PE、PS等脂质丰度高，PC脂质丰度低。本研究从组学层面揭示了“金乌猪”的脂质组成特征，为黑猪品种特性解析提供了理论依据。

关键词: “金乌猪”, 杜长大猪, 背部脂肪, 脂质组成, 关联分析

Abstract:

This study aimed to clarify the fat deposition characteristics and lipid composition of the new black pig strain "Jinwu pig", providing a theoretical basis for its further breeding and promotion. Backfat tissue of 7-month-old "Jinwu pigs" was used as the experimental group, with commercial Duroc×Landrace×Large White pigs of comparable slaughter weight ((117±5)kg) as the control. Frozen sections were prepared to analyze adipocyte size and morphology. Non-targeted lipidomics combined with a Waters UPLC coupled to a Q Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer was applied to determine lipid composition. Data annotation was performed using Lipid Search software, and multivariate statistical analyses including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and variable importance in projection (VIP) were conducted. Lipids were considered differentially expressed when VIP>1, FC>1.5 or FC < 0.65, and P < 0.05. Histological analysis showed that the adipocyte diameter of "Jinwu pigs" ((199±14)μm) was significantly larger than that of Duroc×Landrace×Large White pigs ((120±15)μm) (P < 0.05). Lipidomics revealed 95 lipids with significantly different abundance between the two groups (34 upregulated, 61 downregulated), mainly enriched in phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), and triacylglycerol (TG). Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these differential lipids were involved in cell membrane components, glycerophosphocholine (neurotransmitter synthesis), glycerophospholipids (membrane structure and signaling), endoplasmic reticulum and unsaturated fatty acids. Correlation analysis showed that adipocyte diameter was negatively correlated with PC lipids, but positively correlated with TG, PE, and PS lipids. Compared with Duroc×Landrace×Large White pigs, "Jinwu pigs" exhibited larger adipocytes and greater lipid deposition in backfat tissue. Lipidomic profiling revealed higher abundance of TG, PE, and PS, but lower abundance of PC. These findings elucidate the lipid composition characteristics of "Jinwu pigs" at the lipidomics level and provide a theoretical basis for understanding the breed-specific traits of black pigs.

Key words: Jinwu pig, Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pig, back fat, lipid composition, correlation analysis

中图分类号:

S828.2

张文娟, 盛清, 彭永佳, 张瑾. “金乌猪”背部皮下脂肪脂质组成分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(11): 5449-5463.

ZHANG Wenjuan, SHENG Qing, PENG Yongjia, ZHANG Jin. Lipid Composition Analysis of Subcutaneous Backfat in "Jinwu Pig"[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(11): 5449-5463.

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饲料成分 Ingredient	饲料组成/% Diet composition
玉米Maize	60.00
豆粕Bean meal	12.50
米糠Rice bran	15.00
麦麸Wheat bran	8.00
鱼粉Fish meal	0.50
预混料Premix	4.00

营养成分 Nutritional level	饲料组成 Diet composition
干物质Dry matter	83.08
代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1)Metabolic energy	2.89
消化能/(MJ·kg^-1)Digested energy	3.11
粗蛋白质Crude protein	14.79
粗纤维Coarse fiber	3.27
淀粉Starch	41.92
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber	15.11
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber	7.07
木质素Lignin	2.46
钙Calcium	0.11
总磷Total phosphorus	0.58
可利用磷Available phosphorus	0.17
赖氨酸Lysine	0.66
蛋氨酸Methionine	0.23
苏氨酸Threonine	0.54
色氨酸Tryptophan	0.16
异亮氨酸Isoleucine	0.56
亮氨酸Leucine	1.26
缬氨酸L-valine	0.70
精氨酸Arginine	0.95
组氨酸Histidine	0.39
酪氨酸Tyrosine	0.72

脂质 Lipid	差异倍数 Fold change	VIP值 VIP value	P值 P-value	趋势 Trend
PS(40:6e)	2.97	2.09	1.18×10^-2	Up
PC(36:3e)(rep)(rep)	2.33	1.74	3.68×10^-3	Up
Hex1Cer(d42:2)	2.17	1.60	1.60×10^-2	Up
dMePE(40:5)	2.07	1.57	1.08×10^-3	Up
PC(18:3e_18:0)	1.97	1.59	2.32×10^-3	Up
PS(38:5e)	1.93	1.51	1.24×10^-3	Up
PC(38:4e)	1.92	1.61	1.39×10^-4	Up
TG(20:1_18:1_18:1)	1.91	1.20	4.56×10^-2	Up
PE(18:0p_20:3)	1.88	1.58	5.50×10^-3	Up
PE(36:3e)(rep)	1.84	1.42	1.43×10^-3	Up
LPC(20:5)	0.19	2.28	2.65×10^-2	Down
LPI(20:3)	0.21	2.52	8.39×10^-3	Down
LPC(16:1)	0.23	2.45	1.92×10^-3	Down
Hex2Cer(d34:2)	0.31	1.97	1.33×10^-2	Down
LPC(18:3)	0.34	2.07	1.12×10^-3	Down
MePC(31:0)	0.34	2.04	9.21×10^-4	Down
LPC(16:0)	0.36	2.07	2.96×10^-4	Down
MLCL(46:2)	0.36	2.07	2.96×10^-4	Down
PC(33:2)	0.38	1.96	6.55×10^-4	Down
LPC(16:0)(rep)	0.38	2.00	3.96×10^-4	Down

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