生物被膜在动物细菌感染致病机理中的作用

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

细菌的生物被膜是指菌体嵌入自身产生的保护性基质中所形成的细菌聚集体。基于生物被膜的生存方式有助于微生物抵御机体的免疫反应和药物作用等外部威胁，因此，细菌的生物被膜会加重感染，并导致严重的动物疾病。生物被膜在动物病原菌的致病机理中发挥着诱导、调节局部炎症反应和促进细胞内侵袭等作用，其物理屏障作用可为病原体提供保护，影响治疗效果，并增加慢性感染和亚临床感染的风险。饲养动物、野生动物和伴侣动物等均可被细菌及其生物被膜感染，文章综述了细菌生物被膜在动物心血管、中枢神经、消化、生殖、呼吸、泌尿和皮肤等系统感染致病机理中的作用，以期为细菌生物被膜感染的准确检测和有效治疗提供参考。

关键词: 生物被膜, 细菌, 动物, 慢性感染

Abstract:

Bacteria biofilm refers to the bacterial aggregates formed by embedding the bacterial into the protective matrix which self produces. The survival mode based on biofilms helps microorganisms resist external threats such as immune system and drug treatments. Therefore, biofilms of bacterial organisms can exacerbate bacterial infections and lead to serious animal diseases. Biofilm plays a role in the pathogenesis of animal pathogens, including inducing and regulating local inflammatory responses and promoting intracellular invasion. The physical barrier function can provide protection for pathogens, reduce the treatment effectiveness, and increase the risk of chronic and subclinical infections. Bacteria and their biofilms can infect husbandry animals, wild animals, and companion animals. The review shows the role of biofilms in the pathogenesis of bacterial infections in animal cardiovascular, central nervous, digestive, reproductive, respiratory, urinary, and skin systems, aiming to provide reference for accurate detection and effective treatment of animal bacterial biofilms.

Key words: biofilm, bacterial, animals, chronic infection

中图分类号:

S852.61

张蕾, 陈亮, 冯万宇, 兰世捷, 苗艳, 田秋丰, 白长胜, 张备, 董佳强, 江波涛, 王洪宝, 史同瑞, 黄宣凯. 生物被膜在动物细菌感染致病机理中的作用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(1): 107-114.

ZHANG Lei, CHEN Liang, FENG Wanyu, LAN Shijie, MIAO Yan, TIAN Qiufeng, BAI Changsheng, ZHANG Bei, DONG Jiaqiang, JIANG Botao, WANG Hongbao, SHI Tongrui, HUANG Xuankai. The Role of Biofilms in the Pathogenesis of Animal Bacterial Infections[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(1): 107-114.

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