外源褪黑素调控母牛繁殖性能的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.12.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

母牛繁殖性能是养牛业发展的基础，褪黑素作为一种多功能激素，具有结合MT1和MT2受体，降低促炎细胞因子(IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6)和升高抗炎细胞因子(IL-10、IL-1Ra)的水平，促进抗氧化酶基因(Sod、Cat、Gpx、Gpx4)的表达，以及调节细胞自噬和线粒体自噬相关基因的水平，改变瘤胃和阴道微生物组成等多种作用，从而调控母牛卵泡细胞、颗粒细胞、胚胎发育以及发情、排卵、妊娠等繁殖性能。因此，本文综述了外源褪黑素在体内(外)调控母牛生殖的应用现状及其作用机制，为合理应用褪黑素提高母牛繁殖性能提供理论参考。

关键词: 褪黑素, 牛, 繁殖性能, 机制

Abstract:

The reproductive performance of cows is the basis for the development of cattle industry. As a multifunctional hormone, melatonin interacts with MT1 and MT2 receptors, reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6), enhances the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-1Ra), and promotes the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes (Sod、Cat、Gpx、Gpx4). Additionally, it modulates autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy-related genes expression, alters the composition of rumen and vaginal microbiota, thereby influencing reproductive performance in bovine follicular cells, granulosa cells as well as embryonic development alongside estrus cycles, ovulation processes, and pregnancy outcomes. Consequently, this article reviews the current status and mechanisms underlying exogenous melatonin's role in regulating cow reproduction both in vivo and in vitro while providing a theoretical framework for its rational application to enhance reproductive efficiency in cattle.

Key words: melatonin, cattle, reproductive performance, mechanism

中图分类号:

S823.3

刘彩凤, 王婧卓, 王熙, 刘自锐, 姬普雨, 刘深贺. 外源褪黑素调控母牛繁殖性能的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(12): 5379-5390.

LIU Caifeng, WANG Jingzhuo, WANG Xi, LIU Zirui, JI Puyu, LIU Shenhe. Research Progress on Regulation of Reproductive Performance by Exogenous Melatonin in Cows[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(12): 5379-5390.

图/表 5

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品种 Breed	添加方式 Adding method	添加水平 Supplemental doses	应用效果 Application effect	引用 Reference
奶牛 Cow	日粮	20 mg·d^-1	子宫动脉血流量↑ 血清总抗氧化能力↑ 妊娠期长度和犊牛出生体重保持不变	Brockus等^[8]
	皮下埋植	160 mg	可用胚胎数↑ 胚胎质量↑ 胚胎移植妊娠率↑	赵增元等^[9]
	肌肉注射	18 mg/50 kg体重	大卵泡数量↑ 黄体数量↑ 恢复的卵子/胚胎↑受精卵↑ 可移植胚胎↑	Ratchamak等^[10]
水牛 Buffalo	皮下埋植	18 mg/50 kg体重	总妊娠率↑ 黄体活性↑ 优势卵泡直径↑ 血浆P4↑	Ghuman等^[11]
	皮下埋植	18 mg/50 kg体重	发情↑ 排卵↑	Ghuman等^[12]
	皮下埋植	18 mg/50 kg体重	氧化应激↓ 卵巢活动↑ 发情表现↑ 排卵率↑	Lochan等^[13]
肉牛 Beef	皮下埋植	48 mg/30 d	子宫动脉血流量↑ 犊牛出生重保持不变	McCarty等^[14]
	皮下注射	0.24 mg·kg^-1体重	抗氧化酶活性↑ 受孕率↑ P4保持不变	Guo等^[15]
	皮下埋植	48 mg/30 d	血浆褪黑素↑ 乳脂率↓ 总产奶量↓ 犊牛出生重保持不变	Reid等^[16]
	日粮	20 mg·d^-1	乳脂率↓ 产奶量↓ 出生犊牛重保持不变	Swanson等^[17]

添加水平 Supplemental doses	应用效果 Application effect	引用 Reference
10^-7、10^-9、10^-11 mol·L^-1	谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平↑ ATP水平↑ 内源性抗氧化基因水平↑ 卵母细胞质成熟↑	Zhao等^[22]
10^-9 mol·L^-1	卵母细胞核成熟↑ 卵母细胞质成熟↑ 第一极体挤压↑ 皮质颗粒↑ 线粒体正态分布↑ 线粒体膜电位↑	Pang等^[23]
10^-9 mol·L^-1、2×10^-9 mol·L^-1	原始卵泡的激活↑ 基质细胞密度保持不变	Cavalcante等^[24]
10 ng·mL^-1、50 ng·mL^-1	卵母细胞核成熟↑ 积云细胞扩张↑	El-Raey等^[25]
10^-9 mol·L^-1	卵母细胞成熟相关基因(GDF-9、BMP-15、ATPase 6、ATPase 8)mRNA↑卵母细胞成熟↑	Yang等^[26]
10^-11、10^-9、10^-7、10^-5、10^-3 mol·L^-1	当浓度大于10^-9 mol·L^-1，细胞卵裂率和囊胚率↓	Tian等^[27]

状态 Status	添加水平 Supplemental doses	应用效果 Application effect	引用 Reference	备注 Remark
正常状态 Normal state	400、800、1 200、1 600、2 000 pg·mL^-1	培养浓度对凋亡率无显著影响培养时间越长，细胞的凋亡率↓	Wang等^[33]	细胞凋亡
	1 200 pg·mL^-1	Bcl-2、BCL-XL、GPX4和Sod1的表达↑ Bax、CASP3和TP53的表达↓ 颗粒细胞凋亡↓	Wang等^[34]	细胞凋亡
	10^-9、10^-7 mol·L^-1	有丝分裂G2/M期↑ 细胞周期抑制剂蛋白p21、p27水平↓	Riaz等^[35]	细胞周期
	1 200 pg·mL^-1	P4产生↑ 雌二醇合成↓	Wang等^[33]	激素合成
应激状态 Stress state	10^-8 mol·L^-1	线粒体自噬↑ 氧化应激诱导的细胞凋亡、线粒体损伤↓	Xu等^[32]	氧化应激
	10^-4 mol·L^-1	自噬相关基因LC3-Ⅱ水平↓ 颗粒细胞自噬作用↓	杨方晓等^[36]	HT-2毒素

添加水平 Supplemental doses	应用效果 Application effect	引用 Reference
10^-5 mol·L^-1、5×10^-5 mol·L^-1	细胞减数分裂成熟率↑ 可移植胚胎(TE)产量↑	Manjunatha等^[38]
10^-12 mol·L^-1	卵母细胞IVM质量↑ 胚胎卵裂率和囊胚率↑	Sampaio等^[39]
10^-11 mol·L^-1	囊胚百分比↑ 内细胞团(ICM)数↑ 胚胎总细胞数↑	Gutiérrez-Añez等^[40]
10^-7 mol·L^-1	胚胎卵裂率↑ 8细胞胚产量↑ 培养第7天的囊胚数量↑	Wang等^[41]
10^-3 mol·L^-1	牛胚胎囊胚率、孵化囊胚率和平均细胞数/囊胚数保持不变	Wang等^[42]
10^-5、10^-4、10^-3 mol·L^-1	胚胎卵裂率保持不变胚胎囊胚率保持不变	Tsantarliotou等^[43]

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