亨尼帕病毒编码蛋白的特征及致病机制

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.09.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

亨尼帕病毒(Henipavirus，HNV)是一类重要的新发人兽共患病原，经接触、口鼻传播感染可引发呼吸、神经系统疾病，死亡率高达75%。HNV属于副黏病毒科单股负链RNA包膜病毒，随着环境变化，新的亚型不断涌现，传播范围逐渐扩大，严重威胁全球公共卫生安全、经济发展与社会稳定。然而，其致病机制尚不清楚，预防疫苗及治疗药物也未上市，引起WHO高度关注，HNV疫苗与药物研发列入需要紧急研发蓝图清单。本文通过对HNV的病原学特征、编码蛋白的结构和功能、致病机制进行总结，为研制有效干预HNV感染的药物和疫苗提供思路。

关键词: 亨尼帕病毒, 病原学, 编码蛋白, 致病机制

Abstract:

Henipavirus (HNV) is an important new class of zoonotic pathogens, which can cause respiratory and neurological diseases through contact, oral and nasal transmission, and the mortality rate is as high as 75%. HNV belongs to the negative stranded single-stranded RNA envelope virus of the paramyxoviridae family. With the change of environment, new virus subtypes continue to emerge and the spread of the scope gradually expands, which seriously threatens global public health security, economic development and social stability. However, the pathogenic mechanism of infection is not clear, and preventive vaccines and therapeutic drugs have not been marketed, which has aroused great concern from WHO, and the research and development of vaccines and drugs has been included in the list of blueprints that require urgent research and development. This review summarizes the etiological characteristics, structure and functions of the encoded proteins, and pathogenic mechanism of HNV, so as to provide ideas for the development of drugs and vaccines for effective intervention in HNV infection.

Key words: henipavirus, aetiology, encoded protein, pathogenesis

中图分类号:

S852.659.5

汪芳洲, 谭凌云, 李燕, 谷宏婧, 王慧. 亨尼帕病毒编码蛋白的特征及致病机制[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(9): 3802-3811.

Fangzhou WANG, Lingyun TAN, Yan LI, Hongjing GU, Hui WANG. Progress on the Characteristics of Virus-encoded Proteins and Pathogenic Mechanism of Henipavirus[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(9): 3802-3811.

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病毒蛋白 Viral protein	氨基酸数量/aa Amino acid number	相对分子质量/ku Relative molecular weight	主要功能 Main functions	参考文献 References
核衣壳蛋白 Nucleoprotein	532	58	病毒的主要结构蛋白，附着病毒RNA形成RNPs	[7]
磷酸化蛋白 Phosphoprotein	709	78	病毒磷酸化蛋白，聚合酶辅助因子，对干扰素可产生拮抗效果	[41]
基质蛋白 Matrix protein	352	39	负责介导病毒组装和出芽	[30]
融合糖蛋白 Fusion protein	546	60	介导病毒包膜与细胞膜融合，主要抗原蛋白	[25]
附着糖蛋白 Glycoprotein	602	66	介导病毒与细胞受体的结合，主要抗原蛋白	[16]
大蛋白 Polymerase	2 244	247	高度保守，具有RNA聚合酶活性，主要参与病毒的复制和转录	[35]
C蛋白 C protein	166	18	调节病毒RNA合成和毒力因子产生	[35]
V蛋白 V protein	456	50	抑制宿主细胞免疫反应，HNV发病机制和致死性的主要决定因素	[44]
W蛋白 W protein	450	50	控制炎症反应，影响疾病进程	[45]

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