miRNAs介导寄生虫和宿主互作机制的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.09.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

寄生虫病流行范围广泛，严重威胁人类健康并影响畜牧业发展。miRNAs是一类长度约19~24 nt的高度保守的内源性非编码单链小分子RNAs，寄生虫会表达大量的miRNAs介导其感染宿主，同时宿主miRNAs的表达谱也会发生改变，这些miRNAs将影响宿主的抗性或易感性，miRNAs已成为研究寄生虫和宿主互作机制的热点方向之一。本文综述了不同种类寄生虫表达的miRNAs在其感染宿主中的作用及宿主miRNAs对寄生虫的调控，旨在为研发基于miRNAs的抗寄生虫感染的治疗措施提供参考。

关键词: miRNAs, 寄生虫, 感染机制, 免疫应答

Abstract:

Parasitic diseases are widespread and pose a serious threat to human health and animal husbandry. miRNAs are a class of highly conserved endogenous non-coding single-stranded small molecule RNAs with a length of approximately 19-24 nt. Parasite will express a large number of miRNAs to mediate its infection to the host, and the expression profiles of the host miRNAs will also change. These miRNAs will affect the host's resistance or susceptibility, and miRNAs have become one of the hot areas to study the interaction mechanism between parasites and host. This article reviews the role of miRNAs expressed by different species of parasites in infecting the host and the regulatory effect of host miRNAs on parasites, aiming to provide therapeutic methods of anti-parasitic infection based on miRNAs.

Key words: miRNAs, parasites, infection mechanism, immune response

中图分类号:

S852.7

高语馨, 刘青, 陈继兰, 麻慧. miRNAs介导寄生虫和宿主互作机制的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(9): 3812-3823.

Yuxin GAO, Qing LIU, Jilan CHEN, Hui MA. Research Advances in the Mechanism of Parasite-host Interaction Mediated by miRNAs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(9): 3812-3823.

图/表 1

表 1

不同来源miRNAs的作用"

寄生虫 Parasites	miRNAs名称 The name of miRNAs	来源 Sources	产生细胞 Producing cells	作用 Functions	机制 Mechanisms	参考文献 References
寄生虫来源 Sources of parasites
弓形虫 Toxoplasma	miR-60a	弓形虫	虫体细胞	辅助功能丧失分析，推进神经病理学过程	下调靶标基因TgHoDI和TgLDH1的表达	Crater等^[25]
多房棘球绦虫 Echinococcus multilocular	miR-71	多房棘球绦虫	虫体细胞	可作为潜在的选择性药物靶标	调节虫体发育初期相关靶点；下调miRNA功能所必需的蛋白质的表达	Pérez等^[26]
多房棘球绦虫 Echinococcus multilocular	miR-4989-3p	多房棘球绦虫	虫体细胞	在寄生虫发病机制中发挥调节作用	抑制巨噬细胞产生NO，调节细胞因子和LPS/TLR4信号通路中主要成分的表达	郭宝平^[27]
克氏锥虫 Trypanosoma cruzi	miR-190b	克氏锥虫	虫体细胞	抑制感染细胞的存活	抑制PTEN蛋白表达，抑制磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/Akt通路的激活	Monteiro等^[28]
曼氏血吸虫 Schistosoma mansoni	miR-277/4989	曼氏血吸虫	虫体细胞	调节幼虫发育过程	在不同发育时期表达量会发生变化	Protasio等^[29]
日本血吸虫 Schistosoma japonicum	miR-7-5p	日本血吸虫	虫体细胞	选择性影响人和小鼠肿瘤细胞的生长和迁移过程，增强宿主对癌症的抵抗力	靶向肝细胞的SKP2基因	Hu等^[30]
日本血吸虫 Schistosoma japonicum	miR-3096	日本血吸虫	虫体细胞	抑制肿瘤细胞的生长和迁移	靶向PIK3C2A基因，下调mTORC1信号通路的表达	Lin等^[31]
宿主来源 Sources of hosts
利什曼原虫 Leishmania	miR-let-7e	小鼠	巨噬细胞	调节抗炎因子的表达；破坏宿主免疫应答	调节T细胞受体通路中基因的表达，影响NOS2的表达及NO的产生	Muxel等^[32]
	miR-346	人	巨噬细胞	抗寄生虫药物靶点；调节免疫反应和内质网(ER)应激下的细胞存活	靶向相关基因	Diotallevi等^[33]
	miR-294, miR-721	小鼠	巨噬细胞	被诱导表达后可控制基因的表达和增加，调控免疫反应	靶向NOS2和L-精氨酸代谢诱导巨噬细胞	Muxel等^[34]
	miR-6540	小鼠	巨噬细胞	影响寄生虫在巨噬细胞内的感染	靶向作用于磷脂酰丝氨酸，具体互作机制尚待阐明	Tiwari等^[35]
	miR-3620, miR-6385	小鼠	巨噬细胞	使宿主合成大量铁，满足寄生虫对铁的需求；增强巨噬细胞对寄生虫的清除	调控铁稳态相关基因的表达；下调缺氧诱导基因的表达	Tiwari等^[35]
	miR-30e, miR-302d, miR-294, miR-302d	小鼠	巨噬细胞	控制利什曼原虫对宿主的感染性	影响Nos2 mRNA的表达和NO的产生；调节Tnf的mRNA水平，改变Ccl2/Mcp-1的mRNA	Fernandes等^[36]
伯氏疟原虫 Plasmodium berghei	miR-19a-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-223-3p	小鼠	脑细胞	内吞作用；黏附连接	靶向FoxO转录因子和TGF-β信号通路中的基因，参与其表达	Martin-Alonso等^[37]
恶性疟原虫 Plasmodium falciparum	miR-3135b, miR-6780b-5p, miR-1246, miR-6126, miR-3613-5p	人	全血细胞	可作为治疗靶点和潜在生物标志物	参与TNF信号通路和T细胞受体信号通路	Li等^[38]
	miR-19b-3p, miR-19a-3p, miR-223-3p, miR142-3p	小鼠	脑细胞	通过下调通路中基因的表达引发脑型疟疾的神经综合征	参与调控TGF-β和内吞作用信号通路	Martin-Alonso等^[37]
	miR-146a	人	红细胞	抑制免疫细胞的功能	阻碍参与IFNγ信号通路的信号转导与转录激活因子(Stat1)	Prabhu等^[39]
	miR-451	人	红细胞	促进了寄生虫入侵、存活以及诱导配子体的生成	调节cAMP依赖蛋白激酶(PKA-R)的表达，使PKA的催化活性增加	Wilde等^[40]
隐孢子虫 Cryptosporidium	miR-21	小鼠	肠道细胞	细胞溶解，清除寄生虫	靶向CCL20基因，下调趋化因子	Guesdon等^[41]
隐孢子虫 Cryptosporidium	miR-98, let 7	人	胆管上皮细胞	介导细胞因子信号蛋白抑制剂(SOCS4)翻译抑制，调节胆管上皮细胞抗菌反应	诱导胆管上皮细胞中的顺势作用(CIS)表达，靶向SOCS4的3′未翻译区	Hu等^[42]
日本血吸虫 Schistosoma japonicum	miR-155	小鼠	CD4⁺ T细胞	多种免疫细胞中的多效调节因子	抑制转录因子c-Maf的表达，从而减弱Th2细胞反应	Rodriguez等^[43]
	miR-223	小鼠	粒细胞	抑制免疫反应	阻止粒细胞的过度分化	Johnnidis等^[44]
	miR-96	小鼠	肝细胞	抑制肝纤维化	诱导转化生长因子β1的表达；与miR-21不同位点结合靶向Smad7基因的3′UTR(尾随序列)	Luo等^[45]

表 1

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