子宫组织营养素在母牛发情周期中的变化规律及对胚胎早期发育作用研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

子宫组织营养素是在动物繁殖过程中子宫分泌的营养物质，包括氨基酸、蛋白质、脂质、糖类和其他代谢物等，胚胎在着床前依赖子宫分泌的组织营养素获取营养。其受发情周期、妊娠状态、子宫健康及母体营养状况的动态调控。本文总结了发情周期、妊娠状态、营养水平和子宫内膜炎状态下子宫液内组织营养素的变化。通过这些规律的研究可为胚胎早期发育提供更加有利的子宫内环境。

关键词: 母牛, 组织营养素, 发情周期, 子宫内膜炎, 营养因素

Abstract:

Uterine tissue nutrients are nutrients secreted by the uterus during animal reproduction， including amino acids， proteins， lipids， sugars， and other metabolites. Before implantation， the embryo relies on the tissue nutrients secreted by the uterus for nutrition. Their secretion is dynamically regulated by the estrous cycle， pregnancy status， uterine health， and maternal nutritional status. This article summarizes the changes in uterine fluid tissue nutrients under the estrous cycle， pregnancy status， nutritional levels， and endometritis. Through the study of these patterns， a more favorable uterine environment can be provided for the early development of embryos.

Key words: cow, tissue nutrients, estrous cycle, endometritis, nutritional factors

中图分类号:

S823.3

曹凤凤, 李庆云, 邢洲, 李卓颖, 陶金忠. 子宫组织营养素在母牛发情周期中的变化规律及对胚胎早期发育作用研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026, 57(1): 13-21.

CAO Fengfeng, LI Qingyun, XING Zhou, LI Zhuoying, TAO Jinzhong. Research Progress on the Variation Pattern of Uterine Tissue Nutrients during the Estrous Cycle of Cows and Their Effects on Early Embryo Development[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026, 57(1): 13-21.

参考文献 61

[1]	MARTINS T，PUGLIESI G，SPONCHIADO M，et al.Perturbations in the uterine luminal fluid composition are detrimental to pregnancy establishment in cattle［J］.J Anim Sci Biotechnol，2018，9：1-11.
[2]	SPENCER T E，JOHNSON G A，BAZER F W，et al.Implantation mechanisms：insights from the sheep［J］.Reproduction，2004，128（6）：657-668.
[3]	SPENCER T E，JOHNSON G A，BAZER F W，et al.Pregnancy recognition and conceptusimplantation in domestic ruminants：roles of progesterone，interferons and endogenous retroviruses［J］.Reprod Fertil Dev，2006，19（1）：65-78.
[4]	GRAY C A，BUIGHARDT R C，JOHNSON G A，et al.Evidence that absence of endometrial gland secretions in uterine gland knockout ewes compromises conceptus survival and elongation［J］.Reproduction，2002，124（2）：289-300.
[5]	GRAY C A，TAYLOR K M，RAMSEY W S，et al.Endometrial glands are required for preimplantation conceptus elongation and survival［J］.Biol Reprod，2001，64（6）：1608-1613.
[6]	RIBEIRO E S，SANTOS J E，THATCHER W W.Role of lipids on elongation of the preimplantation conceptus in ruminants［J］.Reproduction，2016，152（4）：R115-R126.
[7]	DEMAYO F J，LYDON J P.90 YEARS OF PROGESTERONE：new insights into progesterone receptor signaling in the endometrium required for embryo implantation［J］.J Mol Endocrinol，2020，65（1）：T1-T14.
[8]	BERG M D，DEAN M.Membrane progesterone receptors mediate progesterone-stimulatedglycogenolysis in the bovine uterine epithelium［J］.Reproduction，2024，168（6）：e240174.
[9]	王新钧，刘春雨.家畜繁殖学［M］.银川：阳光出版社，2013.
	WANG X J，LIU C Y.Animal Reproduction Science［M］.Yinchuan：Yangguang Publishing House，2013.（in Chinese）
[10]	XU X Q，SU R W.Research progress in process and mechanisms of embryo implantation［J］.Sheng Li Xue Bao：Acta physiologica Sinica，2020，72（1）：91-104.
[11]	SANDOVAL K，BERG M D，GUADAGNRN A R，et al.Endometrial glycogen metabolism on days 1 and 11 of the reproductive cycle in dairy cows［J］.Anim Reprod Sci，2021，233：106827.
[12]	BOWMAN K，ROSE J.Estradiol stimulates glycogen synthesis whereas progesterone promotes glycogen catabolism in the uterus of the American mink （Neovison vison）［J］.Anim Sci J，2017，88（1）：45-54.
[13]	马永丹，王翊丞，岳利民.子宫内膜糖原代谢在胚胎着床中的作用研究进展［J］.生理学报，2022，74（2）：255-264.
	MA Y D，WANG Y C，YUE L M.Progress in the role of endometrial glucose metabolism in embryo implantation［J］.Sheng li xue bao：Acta physiologica Sinica，2022，74（2）：255-264.（in Chinese）
[14]	FRANK F，ORTHUND E A，LIU X.Structural insights into glucocorticoid receptor function［J］.Biochem Soc Trans，2021，49（5）：2333-2343.
[15]	BERG M D，BRAZ C U，DEAN M.Progesterone increases metabolism via the pentose phosphate pathway in bovine uterine epithelial cells［J］.Mol Biol Rep，2024，51（1）：1076.
[16]	马子明，郭星汝，戴天姝，等.牛子宫复旧调控机制及促进子宫复旧方法的研究进展［J］.畜牧兽医学报，2023，54（1）：58-68.
	MA Z M，GUO X R，DAI T S，et al.Research Progress on the Regulatory Mechanism of uterine involution in Cattle and methods to promote uterine involution［J］.Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica，2023，54（1）：58-68.（in Chinese）
[17]	MULLEN M P，BAZER F W，WU G，et al.Effects of systemic progesterone during the early luteal phase on the availabilities of amino acids and glucose in the bovine uterine lumen［J］.Reprod Fertil Dev，2014，26（2）：282-292.
[18]	FAHNING M L，SCHULTZ R H，GRAHAM E F.The free amino acid content of uterine fluids and blood serum in the cow［J］.Reproduction，1967，13（2）：229-236.
[19]	HUGENTOBLER S A，DISKIN M G，LEESE H J，et al.Amino acids in oviduct and uterine fluid and blood plasma during the estrous cycle in the bovine［J］.Mol Reprod Dev，2007，74（4）：445-454.
[20]	FORDE N，SIMINTIRAS C A，STURMEY R，et al.Amino acids in the uterine luminal fluid reflects the temporal changes in transporter expression in the endometrium and conceptus during early pregnancy in cattle［J］.PLoS One，2014，9（6）：e100010.
[21]	LEDGARD A M，BERG M C，MCMILLAN W H，et al.Effect of asynchronous transfer on bovine embryonic development and relationship with early cycle uterine proteome profiles［J］.Reprod Fertil Dev，2012，24（7）：962-972.
[22]	MULLEN M P，ELIA G，HILLIARDM，et al.Proteomic characterization of histotroph during the preimplantation phase of the estrous cycle in cattle.［J］.J Proteome Res，2012，11（5）：3004-3018.
[23]	PIIBOR J，WALDMANN A，DISSANAYAKE K，et al.Uterine fluid extracellular vesicles proteome is altered during the estrous cycle［J］.Mol Cell Proteomics，2023，22（11）：100642.
[24]	KING K，TICIANI E，SPRICIGO J F W，et al.Dynamics of lipid droplets in the endometrium and fatty acids and oxylipins in the uterine lumen，blood，and milk of lactating cows during diestrus［J］.J Dairy Sci，2021，104（3）：3676-3692.
[25]	DUNNING K R，RUSSELL D L，ROBKER R L.Lipids and oocyte developmental competence：the role of fatty acids and β-oxidation［J］.Reproduction，2014，148（1）：R15-R27.
[26]	LEROY J，STUIMEY R G，VAN HOECK V，et al.Dietary lipid supplementation on cow reproductive performance and oocyte and embryo viability：a real benefit？［J］.Animal Reproduction （AR），2018，10（3）：258-267.
[27]	SPENCER T E，FORDE N，LONERGAN P.Insights into conceptus elongation and establishment of pregnancy in ruminants［J］.Reprod Fertil Dev，2017，29（1）：84-100.
[28]	MORAES J G N，BEHURA S K，GEARY T W，et al.Analysis of the uterine lumen in fertility-classified heifers：i.Glucose，prostaglandins，and lipids［J］.Biol Reprod，2020，102（2）：456-474.
[29]	CROUSE M S，GRESETH N P，MCLEAN K J，et al.Maternal nutrition and stage of early pregnancy in beef heifers：impacts on hexose and AA concentrations in maternal and fetal fluids［J］.J Anim Sci，2019，97（3）：1296-1316.
[30]	MOORE S G，MCCABABE M S，GREEN J C，et al.The transcriptome of the endometrium and placenta is associated with pregnancy development but not lactation status in dairy cows［J］.Biol Reprod，2017，97（1）：18-31.
[31]	SIMINTIRAS C A，SANCHEZ J M，MCDONALD M，et al.The biochemistry surrounding bovine conceptus elongation［J］.Biol Reprod，2019，101（2）：328-337.
[32]	BELTMAN M E，MULLEN M P，ELIA G，et al.Global proteomic characterization of uterine histotroph recovered from beef heifers yielding good quality and degenerate day 7 embryos［J］.Domest Anim Endocrinol，2014，46：49-57.
[33]	GROEBNER A E，RUBIO-ALIAGA I，SCHULKE K，et al.Increase of essential amino acids in the bovine uterine lumen during preimplantation development［J］.Reproduction，2011，141（5）：685.
[34]	CROUSE M S，GRESETH N P，MCLEAN K J，et al.Maternal nutrition and stage of early pregnancy in beef heifers：impacts on hexose and AA concentrations in maternal and fetal fluids［J］.J Anim Sci，2019，97（3）：1296-1316.
[35]	GRESETH N P，CROUSE M S，MCLEAN K J，et al.The effects of maternal nutrition on the messenger ribonucleic acid expression of neutral and acidic amino acid transporters in bovine uteroplacental tissues from day sixteen to fifty of gestation［J］.J Anim Sci，2017，95（10）：4668-4676.
[36]	LEDGARD A M，LEE R S，PETERSON A J.Bovine endometrial legumain and TIMP‐2 regulation in response to presence of a conceptus［J］.M Mol Reprod Dev：Incorporating Gamete Research，2009，76（1）：65-74.
[37]	RIBEIRO E S，SPRICIGO J F W，CARVALHO M R，et al.Physiological and cellular requirements for successful elongation of the preimplantation conceptus and the implications for fertility in lactating dairy cows［J］.Anim Reprod，2018，15（Suppl 1）：765.
[38]	CHIRALA S S，CHANG H，MATZUK M，et al.Fatty acid synthesis is essential in embryonic development：fatty acid synthase null mutants and most of the heterozygotes die in utero［J］.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA，2003，100（11）：6358-6363.
[39]	RIEZMAN H.The long and short of fatty acid synthesis［J］.Cell，2007，130（4）：587-588.
[40]	LANGENBERG C，GOBE G，HOOD S，et al.Renal histopathology during experimental septic acute kidney injury and recovery［J］.Crit Care Med，2014，42（1）：e58-e67.
[41]	白杨静，钟舒阳.巨噬细胞在葡萄膜炎免疫调节治疗机制中的研究进展［J］.国际眼科杂志，2024，24（7）：1068-1072.
	BAI Y J，ZHONG S Y.Research progress of macrophages in the immunomodulatory Therapeutic Mechanism of uveitis.［J］.International Journal of Ophthalmology，2024，24（7）：1068-1072.（in Chinese）
[42]	HUANG Y，ZHU Q，SUN Y.Glucose metabolism and endometrium decidualization［J］.Front Endocrinol，2025，16：1546335.
[43]	YU Y，MAO N，YU L，et al.YiMu-QingGong san alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis in mice via inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress through regulating macrophage polarization［J］.J Ethnopharmacol，2025，337：118992.
[44]	刘洋，王宇，丛晶，等.中药调控NF-κB信号通路防治子宫内膜异位症作用机制的研究进展［J］.上海中医药杂志，2023，57（8）：89-95.
	LIU Y，WANG Y，CONG J，et al.Research Progress on the Mechanism of Traditional ChineseMedicine Regulating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in the Prevention and Treatment of Endometriosis［J］.Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine，2023，57（8）：89-95.（in Chinese）
[45]	王梦璐，石璐，何昶昊，等.基于NF-κB信号通路的糖尿病病理机制及中医药干预研究进展［J］.中国实验方剂学杂志，2024，30（5）：246-255.
	WANG M L，SHI L，HE C Y，et al.Research progress on the pathological mechanism of diabetes based on NF-κB signaling pathway and traditional Chinese medicine intervention［J］.Chinese Journal of Experimental Formulae，2024，30（5）：246-255.（in Chinese）
[46]	ZDROJKOWSKI，JASINSKI T，FERREIRA-DIAS G，et al.The role of NF-κB in endometrial diseases in humans and animals：a review［J］.Int J Mol Sci，2023，24（3）：2901.
[47]	ZHANG H，WU Z M，YANG Y P，et al.Erratum to：catalpol ameliorates LPS-induced endometritis by inhibiting inflammation and TLR4/NF-κB signaling［J］.J Zhejiang Univ Sci B，2020，21（4）：341.
[48]	SON M，WANG A G，KEISHAM B，et al.Processing stimulus dynamics by the NF-κB network in single cells［J］.Exp Mol Med，2023，55（12）：2531-2540.
[49]	POPA C，NATEA M G，VAN RIEL P L，et al.The role of TNF-α in chronic inflammatory conditions，intermediary metabolism，and cardiovascular risk［J］.J Lipid Res，2007，48（4）：751-762.
[50]	吴云冲，杨颜颜，李川，等.炎症细胞因子在肝硬化患者糖代谢紊乱中的作用［J］.临床肝胆病杂志，2024，40（9）：1886-1890.
	WU Y C，YANG Y Y，LI C，et al.The role of inflammatory cytokines in glucose metabolismdisorders in patients with liver cirrhosis［J］.Journal of Clinical Hepatobiliary Diseases，2024，40（9）：1886-1890.（in Chinese）
[51]	PALOMER X，ALVARE-GUARDIA D，RODRIGUEZ-CALVO R，et al.TNF-α reduces PGC-1 α expression through NF-κB and p38 MAPK leading to increased glucose oxidation in a human cardiac cell model［J］.Cardiovasc Res，2009，81（4）：703-712.
[52]	SCHIERKE F，WYRWOLL M J，WISDORF M，et al.Nanomechanics of the endothelial glycocalyx contribute to Na+-induced vascular inflammation［J］.Sci Rep，2017，7（1）：46476.
[53]	张辉，陶大勇，严光文，等.隐性子宫内膜炎患牛子宫黏液和血清中离子变化的研究［J］.黑龙江畜牧兽医，2012，（21）：103-104.
	ZHANG H，TAO D Y，YAN G W，et al.Study on Ionic Changes in Uterine Mucus and Serum of Cattle with Latent Endometritis［J］.Heilongjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine，2012，（21）：103-104.（in Chinese）
[54]	LI Y J，WANG D S，WU H X，et al.Decreasing of S100A4 in bovine endometritis in vivo and in vitro［J］.Theriogenology，2020，153：68-73.
[55]	张国庆，王千寻，孟圆，等.奶牛子宫内膜炎对子宫平滑肌收缩相关调控分子的影响［J］.黑龙江畜牧兽医，2020，（16）：90-94.
	ZHANG G Q，WANG Q X，MENG Y，et al.The effect of endometritis in dairy cows on regulatory molecules related to uterine smooth muscle contraction［J］.Heilongjiang Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine，2020，（16）：90-94.（in Chinese）
[56]	KOBAYASHI C，TAKADA S.Protein grabs a ligand by extending anchor residues：molecular simulation for Ca²⁺ binding to calmodulin loop［J］.Biophys J，2006，90（9）：3043-3051.
[57]	ZHAO J，NELSON D J，HUO S.Potential influence of asp in the Ca²⁺ coordination position 5 of parvalbumin on the calcium-binding affinity：a computational study［J］.J Inorg Biochem，2006，100（11）：1879-1887.
[58]	BAZER F W，SPENCRR T E，WU G，et al.Maternal nutrition and fetal development［J］.J Nutr，2004，134（9）：2169-2172.
[59]	BECK E E.Effects of maternal plane of nutrition on early embryo development and offspring performance［M］.South Dakota State University，2017.
[60]	SWANSON R M，NEVILLE T L，MCCARTHY K L，et al.Differing planes of nutrition alter serum and histotroph amino acid composition in nonpregnant，multiparous beef cows on day 3 of the estrous cycle［J］.J Anim Sci，2024，102：skae199.
[61]	KALYNN H，EMILY T，THERESA C，et al.Diet impacts pre-implantation histotroph proteomes in beef cattle［J］.J Proteome Res，2018，17（6）：2144-2155.