异性孪生母牛的可育性鉴别和利用进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.06.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 异性孪生雌性不育是指异卵双胎或多胎后代中雌性个体不具备繁殖能力的现象，是牛最常见的先天性生育力异常现象。开发出能在早期快速、准确鉴别异性孪生母牛可育性的方法是牧场减少盲目留养或直接淘汰带来损失的现实需要，异种嵌合共生的异性孪生母牛也可以作为潜在的模式动物。本文从临床检查、免疫反应、激素检测、细胞分系和分子检测五个技术层面对异性孪生母牛可育性的鉴别方法进行总结，着重突出了现代细胞分子技术对鉴别准确性和时效性的提升作用；同时也归纳了异性孪生母牛在生产上作为种用或育肥资源的利用情况，并讨论了其作为模式动物研究人类器官移植、性腺发育和双胎输血综合征的潜力；最后，基于异性孪生母牛的研究现状，提出探究生殖激素与嵌合度及雄性化程度之间的关联性、从嵌合组织类型和嵌合时间结合细胞分子学以及内分泌学认识嵌合的本质和将异性孪生可育母牛作为免疫耐受性研究的动物模型这三个未来有潜力的研究方向，以推动异性孪生母牛的高效利用并发掘其背后的科研价值。

关键词: 异性孪生母牛, 可育性鉴别, 生产利用

Abstract: Freemartinism is the phenomenon that female born with co-male of heterosexual twin or multiple pregnancy is sterile, and becomes the most common type of congenital infertility in cattle. It is practically needed to develop a method of diagnosing freemartin quickly and accurately at early age, avoiding losses from rearing freemartin or eliminating fertile heterosexual twin female. In fact, freemartin itself is a potential animal model for heterochimeric symbiosis. This review summarized the diagnostic methods of freemartin via technologies of clinical examination, immunoreaction, hormone detection, cytological classification and molecular detection, emphasizing the elevation effects in accuracy and timeliness benefiting from cytomolecular technique. In the meantime, the applied production of heterosexual twin female as breeding stock and fattening resource was generalized, and its potential as animal model for solid organ transplantation, gonad development and twin-twin transfusion syndrome were also discussed. Finally, three potential ideas of heterosexual twin female, namely associations among reproductive hormone, chimerism and masculinization, the essence of chimerism from the perspective of types of chimeric tissue and chimeric time with cellular molecular and endocrinology, and taking fertile heterosexual twin female as the animal model for studying immune tolerance, were provided to promote the efficient utilization of heterosexual twin female and explore the scientific value behind them.

Key words: freemartin, fertility diagnosis, applied production

中图分类号:

S814.1

邱清华, 欧阳克蕙, 苏华维, 曹兵海. 异性孪生母牛的可育性鉴别和利用进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(6): 1471-1480.

QIU Qinghua, OUYANG Kehui, SU Huawei, CAO Binghai. Research Progress on the Fertility Diagnosis of Freemartin and Its Application[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(6): 1471-1480.

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