表观遗传学在羊遗传育种中的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.001

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (8): 3561-3577.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.001

表观遗传学在羊遗传育种中的研究进展

刘灿¹^,²^,³(), 苏奕忻¹^,²^,³, 景献金¹^,²^,³, 李文泽¹^,²^,³, 杨玏浦¹^,²^,³, 王瑞军¹^,²^,³, 张燕军¹^,²^,³, 王志英¹^,²^,³, 吕琦¹^,²^,³, 苏蕊¹^,²^,³^,*()

1. 内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院, 呼和浩特 010018
2. 中国与阿拉伯国家羊种质资源创新联合实验室, 呼和浩特 010018
3. 内蒙古自治区羊遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010018

收稿日期:2024-12-13 出版日期:2025-08-23 发布日期:2025-08-28
通讯作者: 苏蕊 E-mail:15847756571@163.com;suruiyu@126.com
作者简介:刘灿(2000-)，女，辽宁大连人，博士生，主要从事绒山羊遗传原理与方法研究，E-mail：15847756571@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0113300；2022YFD1300204)；中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY0211)；内蒙古农业大学杰出青年科学基金培育项目(BR230304)；内蒙古自治区教育厅一流学科科研专项项目(YLXKZX-NND-007)；内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院高质量成果专项项目(GZL202204)；内蒙古农业大学科研创新团队建设专项A类团队项目(BR251201)；财政部和农业农村部: 国家绒毛用羊产业技术体系(CARS-39)

Research Progress of Epigenetics in Sheep and Goats Genetic Breeding

LIU Can¹^,²^,³(), SU Yixin¹^,²^,³, JING Xianjin¹^,²^,³, LI Wenze¹^,²^,³, YANG Lepu¹^,²^,³, WANG Ruijun¹^,²^,³, ZHANG Yanjun¹^,²^,³, WANG Zhiying¹^,²^,³, LÜ Qi¹^,²^,³, SU Rui¹^,²^,³^,*()

1. College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
2. Sino-Arabian Joint Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Germplasm Innovation, Hohhot 010018, China
3. Key Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China

Received:2024-12-13 Online:2025-08-23 Published:2025-08-28
Contact: SU Rui E-mail:15847756571@163.com;suruiyu@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

羊的皮、毛、奶和肉经加工能为人们产出具有重要经济效益的畜产品并深受人们喜爱，促使人们对绵、山羊的需求量不断增多。养羊业在我国畜牧业中占有重要地位，保持本品种的优势性能、表型选育和基因型选育均为科学选育提供了有效并准确的数据支撑，通过传统和新兴技术手段进行良种扩繁得以改良品种的生产性能，从而改善羊的生产性状增加其经济效益。表观遗传学是遗传学的分支学科并且是一门新兴学科领域，是在DNA序列不发生改变的情况下，对基因进行调控和遗传表达。通过高通量测序技术手段在DNA甲基化、染色质可及性、组蛋白修饰和三维基因组层面持续加强对羊遗传育种的应用。在研究羊的复杂经济性状如生长性状、绒毛性状、繁殖性状、脂质代谢以及免疫和疾病等方面均发挥着重要作用，鉴定出相关候选基因和调控元件及其作用位点。本综述从表观遗传学的角度归纳总结了羊遗传育种领域的最新研究现状和未来发展方向。

关键词: 表观遗传学, 羊, 遗传育种

Abstract:

The skin, wool, milk and meat of sheep and goats can be processed for people to produce livestock products with important economic benefits and loved by the people, prompting the demand for sheep and goats continue to increase. Sheep and goats farming occupies an important position in China′s animal husbandry industry. Maintaining the superior performance of the breed, phenotypic breeding and genotypic breeding provide effective and accurate data support for scientific selection and breeding, and through the traditional and emerging technology means of breeding to improve the production performance of the breed, thus improving the production traits of sheep and goats to increase their economic benefits. Epigenetics is a sub-discipline of genetics and an emerging field of study, which is the regulation and genetic expression of genes without altering the DNA sequence. The application of high throughput sequencing technology for genetic breeding of sheep and goats continues to be enhanced at the DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, histone modification and 3D genomic levels. It plays an important role in the study of complex economic traits in sheep and goats such as growth traits, fleece traits, reproductive traits, lipid metabolism, as well as immunity and disease, identifying relevant candidate genes, regulatory elements and their loci of action. This review summarizes the latest research status and future directions in the field of sheep and goats genetic breeding from an epigenetic perspective.

Key words: epigenetics, sheep and goats, genetic breeding

中图分类号:

刘灿, 苏奕忻, 景献金, 李文泽, 杨玏浦, 王瑞军, 张燕军, 王志英, 吕琦, 苏蕊. 表观遗传学在羊遗传育种中的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(8): 3561-3577.

LIU Can, SU Yixin, JING Xianjin, LI Wenze, YANG Lepu, WANG Ruijun, ZHANG Yanjun, WANG Zhiying, LÜ Qi, SU Rui. Research Progress of Epigenetics in Sheep and Goats Genetic Breeding[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3561-3577.

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研究内容 Research content	高通量检测技术 High throughput detection technology
DNA甲基化DNA methylation	WGBS、BS-Seq、RRBS、MeDIP-seq等
RNA修饰RNA modification	MeRIP-seq/m6A-seq、m6Aseq 2、msC-seq、m7G-seq、m6A-REF-seq、m6A-LAIC-seq、DART-Seq等
染色质可及性Chromatin accessibility	DNase-seq、MNase-seq、FAIRE-seq、ATAC-seq、scATAC-seq等
组蛋白修饰Histone modification	ChIP-seq、CUT&Tag、CUT&Run、DAP-seq、HiChIP等
三维基因组3D genomics	Hi-C、scHi-C、Micro-C等

物种 Species	品种 Breed	性状 Trait	调控机制 Regulation mechanism	非编码RNA ncRNA	基因 Gene	参考文献 Reference
山羊 Goat	陕北白绒山羊	绒毛性状	DNA甲基化	lnc_000374、lnc_002056	HOXC13、SOX9、SOX21、JUNB、LHX2、VDR、GATA3	[40]
	安淮山羊	脂质代谢	DNA甲基化	XLOC_960044、XLOC_767346	CACNA1E	[47]
	简州大耳羊	生长性状	RNA修饰	miR-503-5p	Ythdf2	[56]
	简州大耳羊	生长性状	RNA修饰	miR-874-3p、miR-874-3p、circRNA_0873、circRNA_0873、circRNA_1161	LAMA5、EBF3、HDAC11、CCND2	[60]
	绒山羊	绒毛性状	RNA修饰	circPAPPA	PAPPA	[63]
	内蒙古绒山羊	绒毛性状	RNA修饰	circRNA_2130、circRNA_0013、circRNA_1203、circRNA_1462、circRNA_1242、circRNA_2308、circRNA_2654、circRNA_1442	ANGEL2、APP、GKAP1、HNRNPC、PTBP3、NUCB1、SNRK、ZNF609	[65]
	辽宁绒山羊	绒毛性状	RNA修饰	circHECA	HECA	[66]
	辽宁绒山羊	绒毛性状	RNA修饰	circERCC6	ERCC6	[67]
	辽宁绒山羊	绒毛性状	RNA修饰	circRNA-ZNF638	ZNF638	[68]
	黑山羊	繁殖性状	RNA修饰	circRNA4464、circRNA1212、circRNA1213、circRNA1149、circRNA4524等	—	[74]
绵羊 Sheep	湖羊	生长性状	DNA甲基化	lncRNA	GTL2	[35]
绵羊 Sheep	小尾寒羊	绒毛性状	RNA修饰	lncRNA: MSTRG.46299-PSEN2、ENSOARG00020016306-CCND3、ENSOARG00020002712-COL2A1、ENSOARG00020008516-ERCC3	PSEN2、CCND3、COL2A1、ERCC3	[61]

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表观遗传学在羊遗传育种中的研究进展

Research Progress of Epigenetics in Sheep and Goats Genetic Breeding

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