3D细胞培养系统在顶复门原虫研究中的应用

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

顶复门原虫包含隐孢子虫、弓形虫、疟原虫、艾美耳球虫等和人类、动物健康相关的寄生虫。它们可以感染广泛的宿主且不易被免疫系统发现，引起急性和慢性疾病。由于其在自然宿主中进行研究的伦理和实际问题，加之顶复门原虫具有复杂的生活史且动物模型建立通常比较困难，使得人们对这些病原体生物学特性的了解仍然有限。最近使用的3D细胞培养系统促进和拓展了顶复门原虫的研究，使人们能模拟宿主-病原体互作，为疫苗开发、药物筛选、寄生虫生物学研究及其他应用提供平台。本综述总结了3D细胞培养系统应用在顶复门原虫研究中的进展，以期为读者从事相关研究提供参考。

关键词: 3D细胞培养系统, 隐孢子虫, 弓形虫, 疟原虫, 艾美耳球虫

Abstract:

The protozoa of Apicomplexa include Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, Plasmodium, Eimeria and other parasites related to human and animal health. They can infect a wide range of hosts and are not easy to be found by the immune system, causing acute and chronic diseases. Due to the ethical and practical problems of its research in natural reservoir, as well as the complex life circle of apicomplexan protozoa and the difficulty of animal models, people's understanding of the biological characteristics of these pathogens is still limited. The recently used 3D system has promoted and expanded the research of apicomplexan protozoa, enabling us to simulate host pathogen interaction, providing a platform for vaccine development, drug-screening, parasitic biology research and other applications. This review summarizes the progress in the application of 3D cell culture system in the study of apicomplexan protozoa, with a view to providing reference for subsequent related researches.

Key words: 3D cell culture system, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, Plasmodium, Eimeria

中图分类号:

谢月华, 谢福杰, 索勋, 闫文朝. 3D细胞培养系统在顶复门原虫研究中的应用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(4): 1540-1548.

XIE Yuehua, XIE Fujie, SUO Xun, YAN Wenchao. Application of the 3D Cell Culture System in the Study of Apicomplexa Protozoa[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(4): 1540-1548.

图/表 1

表 1

3D细胞培养系统在顶复门原虫研究中的应用"

种类 Species	3D细胞培养系统 3D cell culture system	应用 Application	参考文献 Reference
隐孢子虫 Cryptosporidium	传代细胞3D培养	在诱导人回盲肠癌细胞(HCT-8)中加入虫体后可观察到小肠中虫体的机械运动	[19]
	中空纤维系统	虫体在这种条件下可以生长繁殖，并持续产生6个月以上具有感染性的卵囊	[20]
	丝蛋白支架系统	可以支持隐孢子虫完成完整的生活史	[21]
	穿透小室系统	隐孢子虫在此系统中可以形成卵囊	[22]
	类器官	隐孢子虫可以在类器官内完成其生活史	[23]
	气液界面系统	牛源隐孢子虫在此系统内可以形成具有感染性的卵囊	[24]
弓形虫 Toxoplasma	原代细胞3D培养系统	用于探究弓形虫感染对DCs迁移的影响	[28]
	传代细胞3D培养系统	弓形虫可以入侵JEG-3单层细胞，但不能入侵JEG-3 3D系统	[29]
		用于虫体从纳虫空泡中逸出的形式研究	[30]
		速殖子可以感染人脑类器官并转化为缓殖子形成包囊	[31]
	类器官及其衍生的系统	用于弓形虫入侵和增殖的研究	[32]
		弓形虫能顺利入侵牛和猪的类器官，且能在24 h后形成感染灶	[33]
		用于弓形虫入侵和复制的研究	[34]
		虫体进入到了裂殖生殖和配子生殖并形成感染性卵囊	[35]
疟原虫 Plasmodium	微阵列系统	用于探究cAMP与GIE的力学性能与变形能力相关性	[44]
	弹性基质	用于探究肌动蛋白和子孢子表面入侵相关蛋白的作用	[46]
		用于探究疟原虫TRAP的闭合和开放两种构象的关系	[47]
	类器官及其衍生的系统	建立了具有稳定的肝脏表型的3D伯氏疟原虫感染平台	[54]
		使用3D球体培养的原代肝细胞开发了一个疟疾肝阶段模型	[55]
	聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶系统	用于研究单个生理相关的物理参数对野生型和突变型虫体运动的影响	[56]
艾美耳球虫 Eimeria	类器官及其衍生系统	类器官用来研究虫体在体外的发育阶段	[58]
		子孢子共培养后发现虫子可入侵并发育至配子体阶段，但未观察到卵囊形成	[59]
		用于探究球虫体外生长发育	[60]

表 1

参考文献 60

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