常山散对雏鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫不同发育阶段的防治效果

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.03.039

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (3): 1278-1289.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.03.039

常山散对雏鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫不同发育阶段的防治效果

王贺¹, 郭志廷², 李建喜², 张景艳², 王磊², 张康², 孙继文¹, 尚小粉¹, 马永华^1*

1. 甘肃农业大学动物医学院, 兰州 730070;
2. 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所, 农业农村部兽用药物创制重点实验室, 甘肃省中兽药工程技术研究中心, 兰州 730050

收稿日期:2023-06-07 出版日期:2024-03-23 发布日期:2024-03-27
通讯作者: 马永华,主要从事兽医寄生虫及其分子生物学研究,E-mail:mayh517@163.com
作者简介:王贺(1999-),女,蒙古族,河南新野人,硕士生,主要从事兽医寄生虫研究,E-mail:424548649@qq.com
基金资助:
兰州市人才创新创业项目（2021-RC-52）；横向委托项目（2021-0172）；甘肃省科技支撑计划项目（1604NKCA069-01）；甘肃省优秀研究生"创新之星"项目（2022CXZXS-010）；甘肃农业大学学科建设专项基金（GUA-XKJS-2018-073）：甘肃省科技厅重点研发项目（18YF1FA080）；国家自然科学基金（32160843）；甘肃农业大学青年导师基金（GAU-QDFC-2020-11）

Effect of Radix dichroa Powder on the Control of Eimeria tenella Infection in Chick at Different Developmental Stages

WANG He¹, GUO Zhiting², LI Jianxi², ZHANG Jingyan², WANG Lei², ZHANG Kang², SUN Jiwen¹, SHANG Xiaofen¹, MA Yonghua^1*

1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China

Received:2023-06-07 Online:2024-03-23 Published:2024-03-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在研究中药常山散对雏鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫不同发育阶段抗球虫效果和免疫功能的影响。试验设置6大组，分别为攻虫前1天、攻虫当天、第2天、第3天、第4天和第5天给药时间点设计组，每个设计组包括3个处理组，分别为Ⅰ组（健康对照组）和Ⅱ组（感染对照组），饲喂基础饲粮；Ⅲ组（常山散推荐剂量组），按照0.1g·kg^-1在基础饲粮中拌料饲喂，连续给药4 d，每组10只鸡，共180只。16日龄时，Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组每只鸡口服5×10⁴个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊。结果表明：与Ⅰ组相比，Ⅲ组的日均增重（average dialy gain，ADG）在球虫发育前期（攻虫前1天、攻虫当天）差异不显著（P>0.05），发育后期显著降低（P<0.05），Ⅱ组在球虫发育的整个时期ADG均显著降低（P<0.05），降低幅度大于Ⅲ组。与Ⅰ组相比，Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的日均采食量（average daily feed intake，ADFI）有所下降，其中Ⅱ组下降最为明显，Ⅲ组有所改善。与Ⅱ组相比，中药常山散显著（P<0.05）降低感染雏鸡每克粪便卵囊数（oocysts per gram，OPG）。球虫感染破坏盲肠黏膜的完整性，使盲肠肌膜增厚。中药常山散可减轻球虫感染引起的肠黏膜损伤。与Ⅱ组相比，饲粮中添加常山散可降低盲肠病变评分（P<0.05）。攻虫前1天、攻虫当天和第2天试验组中Ⅲ组的抗球虫指数（anticoccidial index，ACI）分别为198.83、190.23、165.49，攻虫第3、4和5天试验组中Ⅲ组的ACI分别为150.53、155.00和146.18，说明在球虫发育的前期给药，常山散具有良好的抗球虫效果，后期随着球虫在鸡体内的发育，常山散的治疗效果降低。与Ⅱ组相比，常山散增加血液中免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG含量，提高脾脏指数和法氏囊指数。综上所述，常山散可改善感染雏鸡的生长性能，显著降低感染雏鸡OPG和盲肠病变评分，增强感染雏鸡免疫功能。

关键词: 中药, 常山散, 柔嫩艾美耳球虫, 鸡

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to study the effect of the Chinese herbal medicine Radix dichroa powder (RDP) on the anticoccidial effect and immune function of chick infected with Eimeria tenella at different developmental stages. Six major groups were set up in the trial, namely, 1 day before the attack, the day of the attack, day 2, day 3, day 4 and day 5 dosing time design groups, and each dosing time point included three treatment groups, namely group I (healthy control group) and group II (infected control group), fed the basal diet, and group III (RDP recommended dose group), fed at 0.1 g·kg^-1 in the basal diet and dosed continuously for 4 days, with 10 chicks in each group. At 16 days of age, 5×10⁴ sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella were administered orally to each chick in group II and group III. The results showed that compared with group I, the average daily gain (ADG) of group III was not significantly different (P> 0.05) in the early stage of coccidia development (1 day before and on the day of attack) and significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the late stage of development, while group II had significant decrease (P<0.05) in ADG throughout the period of coccidia development, and the decrease was greater than that of group III. Compared with group Ⅰ, the average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased in both group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ, with the most significant decrease in group Ⅱ and improvement in group Ⅲ. Compared with group II, RDP significantly (P<0.05) reduced the number of fecal oocysts per gram (OPG) in infected chicks. Coccidia infection damaged the integrity of the cecum mucosa and thickened the cecum muscle membrane. The RDPof Chinese medicine reduced the mucosal damage caused by coccidial infection. Compared with group II, the addition of RDP in the diet reduced the cecum lesion score (P<0.05). The anticoccidial index (ACI) of group III were198.83, 190.23 and 165.49 on the 1st day before, the day of and the 2nd day of the attack, respectively, and 150.53, 155.00 and 146.18 on the 3rd, 4th and 5th day of the attack, respectively. The above results indicated that RDP had good anticoccidial effect when administered in the early stage of coccidial development, however as the coccidia developed in the body later, the therapeutic effect of RDP weakened. Compared with group II, RDP increased the levels of immunoglobulins IgA, IgM and IgG in blood, and improved the index of spleen and bursal. The results suggested that RDP improved the growth performance of infected chicks, significantly reduced the OPG and cecum lesion scores of infected chickens, and enhanced the immune function of infected chicks.

Key words: Chinese medicine, Radix dichroa powder, Eimeria tenella, chick

中图分类号:

王贺, 郭志廷, 李建喜, 张景艳, 王磊, 张康, 孙继文, 尚小粉, 马永华. 常山散对雏鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫不同发育阶段的防治效果[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(3): 1278-1289.

WANG He, GUO Zhiting, LI Jianxi, ZHANG Jingyan, WANG Lei, ZHANG Kang, SUN Jiwen, SHANG Xiaofen, MA Yonghua. Effect of Radix dichroa Powder on the Control of Eimeria tenella Infection in Chick at Different Developmental Stages[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(3): 1278-1289.

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常山散对雏鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫不同发育阶段的防治效果

Effect of Radix dichroa Powder on the Control of Eimeria tenella Infection in Chick at Different Developmental Stages

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