刚地弓形虫AP2家族蛋白质研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.09.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

弓形虫是一种专性寄生于细胞内的顶复门原虫，具有多宿主、多阶段的发育周期。弓形虫有性阶段仅限于猫科动物，而无性阶段发生在包括人类在内的大多数温血动物中。全世界大约有三分之一的人感染弓形虫病，同时该病也能够对畜牧业造成严重经济损失。刚地弓形虫具有一套复杂的基因调控网络，能够使虫体在适应不同的外界环境变化时及时在特定的阶段进行自身基因的转录及表达。然而，目前人们对其潜在的转录调控机制知之甚少。研究发现特异性的转录因子(transcription factors, TFs)在真核生物的转录调控中具有重要作用，特别是AP2(apetala 2, AP2)家族转录因子参与了弓形虫不同阶段基因表达过程，这些因子在寄生虫生长和发育过程中发挥极其重要的作用。本文结合近几年的研究成果，对弓形虫转录因子AP2家族蛋白质的研究进展进行汇总，以期为深入研究弓形虫的生物学特征奠定基础。

关键词: 弓形虫, 特异性转录因子, 基因, 包囊

Abstract:

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasitic protozoan belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa, with a complex life cycle involving multiple hosts and stages. T. gondii has a sexual stage restricted to felid species, while the asexual stage occurs in most warm-blooded animals including humans. About one-third of the world's population is infected with toxoplasmosis, and it can also cause serious economic losses in the livestock industry. T. gondii has a sophisticated gene regulatory network that enables it to timely transcribe its own genes as it adapts to changes in the external environment during specific stages. However, little is known about its potential transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. It has been found that specific transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in eukaryotic transcriptional regulation, especially the apetala 2 (AP2) family of transcription factors, which are involved in T. gondii gene expression during different stages. These factors play a crucial role in the growth and development of parasites. This article reviews the research progress of the Apicomplexan AP2 (ApiAP2) family of proteins in T. gondii, combining recent research results, in order to lay a foundation for further study of the biological characteristics of T. gondii.

Key words: Toxoplasma gondii, specific transcription factors, gene, cyst

中图分类号:

S852.729

郭旭, 陈晓晓, 迟依明, 马文宇, 杜孟泽, 安健, 李秋明, 尹德琦. 刚地弓形虫AP2家族蛋白质研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(9): 3824-3832.

Xu GUO, Xiaoxiao CHEN, Yiming CHI, Wenyu MA, Mengze DU, Jian AN, Qiuming LI, Deqi YIN. Research Progress of Toxoplasma gondii AP2 Family[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(9): 3824-3832.

图/表 2

表 1

弓形虫AP2转录因子汇总表"

基因号 Gene ID	氨基酸 Amino acid	基因描述 Gene description	功能 Function	参考文献 Reference
TGME49_306620	1 388 aa	转录因子AP2IX-9 AP2 domain transcription factor AP2IX-9	缓殖子发育的抑制因子 Inhibitory factors of bradyzoite development	[30]
TGME49_318610	1 369 aa	转录因子AP2IV-3 AP2 domain transcription factor AP2IV-3	缓殖子基因表达的激活剂 Activator of bradyzoite gene expression	[30]
TGME49_288950	951 aa	转录因子AP2IX-4 AP2 domain transcription factor AP2IX-4	促进组织包囊的形成 Promote the formation of tissue cyst	[25]
TGME49_315760	3 236 aa	转录因子AP2XI-4 AP2 domain transcription factor AP2XI-4	寄生虫分化和包囊形成过程中调节缓殖子基因表达 Regulation of bradyzoite gene expression during parasite differentiation and cyst formation	[31]
TGME49_289710	2 282 aa	转录因子AP2IX-5 AP2 domain transcription factor AP2IX-5	调控细胞周期和速殖子增殖 Regulation of cell cycle and tachyzoite proliferation	[27-28]
TGME49_217700	1 737 aa	转录因子AP2XII-2 AP2 domain transcription factor AP2XII-2	调控细胞周期S期和缓殖子分化 Regulation of cell cycle S-phase and bradyzoite differentiation	[36-37]
TGME49_318470	2 406 aa	转录因子AP2IV-4 AP2 domain transcription factor AP2IV-4	调节组织包囊的形成 Regulating the formation of tissue cysts	[23]
TGME49_216220	868 aa	转录因子AP2XI-5 AP2 domain transcription factor AP2XI-5	调节关键毒力因子的基因转录 Regulation of gene transcription of key virulence factors	[32]
TGME49_247730	1 502 aa	转录因子AP2XII-5 AP2 domain transcription factor AP2XII-5	调控弓形虫生活史各阶段基因的有序表达而影响毒株毒力 Regulating the orderly expression of genes at all stages of Toxoplasma gondii life cycle and affecting the virulence of the strain	[38-39]
TGME49_224050	868 aa	转录因子AP2X-4 AP2 domain transcription factor AP2X-4	调控基因转录；调节棒状体蛋白质的表达 Regulate gene transcription and the expression of rhoptry proteins	[38-39]
TGME49_218960	2 282 aa	转录因子AP2XII-1 AP2 domain transcription factor AP2XII-1	调控急性感染性速殖子阶段向有性裂殖子阶段的转变 Regulation of the transition from the acute infectious tachyzoite stage to the sexual cleavage stage	[33-34]
TGME49_310900	2 243 aa	转录因子AP2XI-2 AP2 domain transcription factor AP2XI-2	调控速殖子阶段向有性裂殖子阶段的转变 Regulation of the tachyzoite stage to the sexual cleavage stage	[33]

表 1

图 1

参考文献 60

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