多基因编辑技术的发展及其在畜牧种质创新中的应用

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.08.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

CRISPR基因编辑技术可以更精准、高效地更改基因组DNA序列，近年来在动植物育种中被广泛应用。实践中对农业生物多性状协同改良的需求越来越大，仅靠对单一基因或位点的改变不能满足上述需求，所以亟需建立一套多基因同步编辑体系，对多个基因进行协同修饰。多个sgRNA同时表达是多基因同步编辑的关键，常见表达策略包括建立多个单顺反子sgRNA并联表达和多顺反子sgRNA串联表达。常用串联表达工具有核酸酶Csy4、tRNA系统以及自裂核酶等。本文对以上多基因编辑技术的优劣进行了分析和总结，探讨了下一步的发展方向，并指出其重要意义和应用前景。

关键词: CRISPR, 多基因编辑, 种质创新

Abstract:

CRISPR gene editing technology can accurately and efficiently change the DNA source code and has been widely used in animal and plant breeding in recent years.In practice, the demand for multi-trait parallel improvement of agricultural organisms is increasing. The change of a single gene or locus alone cannot meet the above requirements.Therefore, it is desirable to establish a multi-gene simultaneous editing system to modify multiple genes. Simultaneous expression of multiple sgRNAs is critical to simultaneous editing of multiple genes. The commonly multi-sgRNA expression strategies include multiple single-cistron sgRNA parallel expression and multi-cistron sgRNA tandem expression. The frequently-used tandem expression tools include nuclease Csy4, tRNA system and self-cleaving ribozyme. This review analyzes and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the above multi-gene editing technology, discusses the future direction, and stresses its significance and application prospects.

Key words: CRISPR, multi-gene editing, germplasm innovation

中图分类号:

S813.2

刘雯雯, 董发明, 毕延震. 多基因编辑技术的发展及其在畜牧种质创新中的应用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(8): 3267-3275.

Wenwen LIU, Faming DONG, Yanzhen BI. The Development of Multi-Gene Editing Technology and Its Application in Agricultural Biological Germplasm Innovation[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(8): 3267-3275.

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