牛呼吸道疾病综合征主要病毒的流行病学调查

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.03.031

Abstract

Abstract:

Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is one of the diseases posing significant threats to the healthy development of the global cattle industry. The primary viruses causing BRDC include infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Acquiring the distribution of the major viruses that cause BRDC is an important foundation for precision prevention and control of the disease, and for vaccine development. In this study, we investigated beef cattle, dairy cattle, yaks, and slaughterhouse cattle from various regions of China. Using PCR and RT-PCR techniques, we detected the main viruses causing BRDC in 750 clinical samples from 30 farms nationwide. We found that the individual detection rate of BRDC viruses in Chinese cattle herds was 9.47% (95% CI: 7.5, 11.8), and the herd detection rate was 33.33%(95%CI: 17.9, 54.3). BVDV was the predominant virus, with a positive detection rate of 5.07% (95% CI: 3.6, 6.9), but IBRV had the highest herd positivity rate at 20.00% (95% CI: 7.7, 38.6). The herd positivity rates of the other three viruses were all greater than 10%. In beef cattle, the main virus was BVDV with a positive detection rate of 5.62% (95% CI: 3.9, 7.8). In dairy cattle, only BVDV was detected, with a positive detection rate of 13.33% (95% CI: 3.8, 30.7). In yaks, only IBRV was detected, with a positive detection rate of 6.09% (95% CI: 2.5, 12.1). The results of correlation analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of BRDC infection among different breeds and regions. However, there were significant differences in the presence of season and age. Cattle were more susceptible in summer and autumn compared to spring. Cattle older than 14 weeks had a significantly higher risk of infection compared to those 14 weeks old or younger, particularly for BVDV infection. Further analysis of the presence of viruses in cattle with respiratory symptoms and apparently healthy cattle revealed that BVDV was the main virus in cattle with respiratory symptoms, with instances of mixed infections involving BVDV and BPIV3 or BRSV. In cattle without respiratory symptoms, IBRV had the highest positive detection rate. In conclusion, this study identified the distribution of the main BRDC viruses in Chinese cattle herds and determined the infection risks associated with different regions, seasons, and breeds. These findings provide a crucial foundation for the precise control of BRDC.

Key words: bovine respiratory disease complex, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine parainfluenza virus 3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, epidemiological investigation, spatio-temporal analysis

CLC Number:

S858.235.3

ZHAO Wanyue, XU Xiaowen, CHANG Shushu, XIANG Zhijie, GUO Aizhen, CHEN Yingyu. Epidemiologic Investigation of the Major Viruses of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(3): 1324-1335.

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References 20

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临床表现 Clinical manifestation	省份 Provinces	牧场/个 Rangelands(number)	样品/份 Samples(copy)
有呼吸道症状 With respiratory symptoms	湖北Hubei	9	62
	甘肃Gansu	6	279
	河南Henan	1	9
	吉林Jilin	1	3
	江苏Jiangsu	1	4
	内蒙古Neimenggu	1	2
无呼吸道症状 Without respiratory symptoms	湖北Hubei	6	47
	甘肃Gansu	1	229
	四川Sichuan	4	115
总计Total		30	750

病毒 Virus	目标基因 Target genes	序列(5′→3′) Sequence	产物/bp Product size	参考文献 Reference
IBRV	TK	F: CCGACCGCCTCCTACACCAGATGCT R: GGGTGTAGGCAAGCTCACCGCAACG	868	[7]
BVDV	5′ UTR	F: AGGCTAGCCATGCCCTTAGT R: TCTGCAGCACCCTATCAGG	244	[8]
BPIV3	N	F: GAGAAAGACCCAGGAAGACAGA R: ACACCCATCGCATAACTCCAGA	704	[10]
BRSV	N	F: CGTAGTACAGGTGACAACATTG R: ACCAAAGCAGCAACACATAGCAC	422	[9]

临床表现 Clinical manifestation	分布Distribution		占比/% Percentage
临床表现 Clinical manifestation	分类依据Classification basis	具体分类Specific classification	占比/% Percentage
有呼吸道症状 With respiratory symptom	年龄/周 Age(week)	≤14	11.1(40/359)
	年龄/周 Age(week)	＞14	88.9(319/359)
	季节 Season	春季Spring	5.6 (20/359)
		夏季Summer	74.9(269/359)
		秋季Fall	19.5(70/359)
		冬季Winter	0
	品种 Variety	肉牛cattle	91.6(329/359)
	品种 Variety	奶牛cow	8.4(30/359)
	地区 Region	南方south	17.3(62/359)
	地区 Region	北方north	82.7(297/359)
无呼吸道症状 Without respiratory symptom	年龄/周 Age(week)	≤14	58.6(229/391)
	年龄/周 Age(week)	＞14	41.4(162/391)
	季节 Season	春季Spring	58.6(229/391)
		夏季Summer	0
		秋季Fall	29.4(115/391)
		冬季Winter	12.0(47/391)
	品种 Variety	肉牛cattle	70.6(276/391)
	品种 Variety	牦牛yak	29.4(115/391)
	地区 Region	南方south	12.0(47/391)
	地区 Region	北方north	88.0(344/391)

病毒 Virus	个体阳性检出率(95%CI) Individual positive detection rate	群体阳性检出率(95%CI) Cohort positive detection rate
IBRV	1.73(13/750) (0.9，2.9)	20.00(6/30) (7.7，38.6)
BVDV	5.07(38/750) (3.6，6.9)	16.67(5/30) (5.6，34.7)
BPIV3	1.47(11/750) (0.7，2.6)	10.00(3/30) (2.1，26.5)
BRSV	1.73(13/750) (0.9，2.9)	10.00(3/30) (2.1，26.5)
BVDV+BPIV3	0.27(2/750) (0.0，1.0)	6.67(2/30) (0.8，22.1)
BVDV+BRSV	0.27(2/750) (0.0，1.0)	6.67(2/30) (0.8，22.1)

品种 Variety	阳性样品数 Number of positive samples	阴性样品数 Number of negative samples	阳性检出率/% (95%CI) Positive detection rate	P值 (95%CI) P-value	OR (95%CI)
肉牛 Cattle	60	545	9.92(60/605) (7.7，12.6)	0.310	1.70 (0.8，3.8)
奶牛 Cow	4	26	13.33(4/30) (9.9，18.5)		2.37 (0.65，8.72)
牦牛 Yak	7	108	6.09(7/115) (2.5，12.1)		1.00

Epidemiologic Investigation of the Major Viruses of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

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品种 Variety	检出率(95%CI) Detection rate
品种 Variety	IBRV	BVDV	BPIV3	BRSV
肉牛 Cattle	0.99(6/605) (0.4，2.1)	5.62(34/605) (3.9，7.8)	1.82(11/605) (0.9，3.2)	2.15(13/605) (1.1，3.6)
奶牛 Cow	0.00(0/30) (0.0，11.6)	13.33(4/30) (3.8，30.7)	0.00(0/30) (0.0，11.6)	0.00(0/30) (0.0，11.6)
牦牛 Yak	6.09(7/115) (2.5，12.1)	0.00(0/115) (2.5，12.1)	0.00(0/115) (0.0，3.2)	0.00(0/115) (0.0，3.2)

品种 Varieties	IBRV		BVDV		BPIV3		BRSV
品种 Varieties	P值	OR (95%CI)	P值	OR (95%CI)	P值	OR (95%CI)	P值	OR (95%CI)
肉牛 Cattle	0.004	1.00	0.005	1.00	0.092	/	0.060	/
奶牛 Cow		/		2.58 (0.9，7.9)		/		/
牦牛 Yak		6.47 (2.1，19.6)		/		/		/

时间 Time	阳性样品数 Number of positive samples	阴性样品数 Number of negative samples	阳性检出率/% (95%CI) Positive detection rate	P值 P-value (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)
春季 Spring	13	236	5.22(13/249) (2.8，8.8)	＜0.001	1.00
夏季 Summer	37	232	13.75(37/269) (9.9，18.5)		2.63 (1.37，5.07)
秋季 Fall	21	164	11.35(21/185) (7.2，16.8)		2.17 (1.06，4.46)
冬季 Winter	0	47	0.00(0/47) (0.0，7.5)		/

年龄/周 Age/weeks	阳性样品数 Number of positive samples	阴性样品数 Number of negative samples	阳性检出率/% (95%CI) Positive detection rate	P值 P-value (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)
≤14	11	258	4.09(11/269) (2.1，7.2)	＜0.001	1.00
＞14	60	421	12.47(60/481) (9.7，15.8)	＜0.001	3.34 (1.7，6.5)

有无呼吸道症状 Respiratory symptoms	阳性样品数 Number of positive samples	阴性样品数 Number of negative samples	阳性检出率/% (95%CI) Positive detection rate	P值 P-value (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)
有With	53	306	14.76(53/359) (11.3, 18.9)	＜0.001	3.59 (2.06, 6.26)
无Without	18	373	4.60(18/391) (2.8, 7.2)	＜0.001	1.00

有无呼吸道症状 Respiratory symptoms	病毒 Virus	样本阳性检出率 (95%CI) Sample positive detection rate	群体阳性检出率 (95%CI) Cohort positive detection rate
有呼吸道症状 With respiratory symptoms	IBRV	1.67(6/359) (0.6, 3.6)	15.79(3/19) (3.4, 39.6)
	BVDV	9.75(35/359) (6.9, 13.3)	26.32(5/19) (9.2, 51.2)
	BPIV3	2.23(8/359) (1.0, 4.3)	15.79(3/19) (3.4, 39.6)
	BRSV	2.23(8/359) (1.0, 4.3)	15.79(3/19) (3.4, 39.6)
	BVDV+BPIV3	0.56(2/359) (0.1, 2.0)	10.53(2/19) (1.3, 33.1)
	BVDV+BRSV	0.56(2/359) (0.1, 2.0)	10.53(2/19) (1.3, 33.1)
无呼吸道症状 Without respiratory symptoms	IBRV	1.79%(7/391) (0.7, 3.7)	25.00%(3/12) (5.5, 57.2)
	BVDV	0.77%(3/391) (0.2, 2.2)	8.33%(1/12) (0.2, 38.5)
	BPIV3	0.77%(3/391) (0.2, 2.2)	8.33%(1/12) (0.2, 38.5)
	BRSV	1.28%(5/391) (0.4, 3.0)	8.33%(1/12) (0.2, 38.5)

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地区 Region	检出率(95%CI) Detection rate
地区 Region	IBRV	BVDV	BPIV3	BRSV
南方 South	0.92(1/109) (0.0, 5.0)	3.67(4/109) (1.0, 9.1)	0.00(0/109) (0.0, 3.3)	0.00(0/109) (0.0, 3.3)
北方 North	1.87(12/641) (1.0, 3.2)	5.30(34/641) (3.7, 7.3)	1.72(11/641) (0.9, 3.0)	2.03(13/641) (1.1, 3.4)

年龄/周 Age/weeks	检出率(95%CI) Detection rate
年龄/周 Age/weeks	IBRV	BVDV	BPIV3	BRSV
≤14	0.00(0/269) (0.0，1.4)	1.12(3/269) (0.2，3.2)	1.12(3/269) (0.2，3.2)	1.86(5/269) (0.6，4.3)
＞14	2.70(13/481) (1.4，4.6)	7.28(35/481) (5.1，10.0)	1.66(8/481) (0.7，3.3)	1.66 (8/481) (0.7，3.3)