Abstract:

Periparturient cows undergo intricate regulation influenced by multifaceted factors. Owing to alterations in physiology, diet, environment, and management practices, these cows become predisposed to negative energy balance and immunosuppression, potentially culminating in various diseases and a reduction in reproductive efficiency. Drawing upon recent research, this article systematically examines the nuanced alterations in energy dynamics, hormonal profiles, as well as vitamin and mineral levels, and cytokine patterns within periparturient cows. The investigation reveals that pivotal components such as blood glucose, insulin, fat, and amino acids undergo systematic and rhythmic changes during this critical period for dairy cows. Furthermore, reproductive hormones and other regulatory factors exhibit marked fluctuations. Additionally, there are noteworthy adjustments in the requirements for vitamins and minerals. Given the intricacy of these physiological transformations, it becomes imperative to offer well-founded recommendations for the dietary management of periparturient cows. This not only aids in averting and managing energy metabolism disorders but also contributes to the enhancement of milk quality and the amplification of overall production efficiency in dairy cows.

Key words: dairy cows, peripartum, energy substances, negative energy balance