

Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (12): 6034-6045.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.12.009
• REVIEW • Previous Articles Next Articles
MA Tianyi1,2, GUO Tongjun1, WAN Fachun2, WANG Zuo2*
Received:2024-11-11
Published:2025-12-24
CLC Number:
MA Tianyi, GUO Tongjun, WAN Fachun, WANG Zuo. Impacts and Potential Mechanisms of Mycotoxins on Ruminal Microbial Fermentation in Ruminants[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(12): 6034-6045.
| [1] GELDERBLOM W C, KRIEK N, MARASAS W, et al. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of the Fusanum monilzforine metabolite, fumonisin B1, in rats[J]. Carcinogenesis, 1991,12(7): 1247-1251. [2] ZAIN M E. Impact of mycotoxins on humans and animals[J]. J Saudi Chem Soc, 2011,15(2): 129-144. [3] HOLANDA D M, KIM S W. Investigation of the efficacy of mycotoxin-detoxifying additive on health and growth of newly-weaned pigs under deoxynivalenol challenges[J]. Anim Biosci, 2021,34(3): 405. [4] MAGNOLI A P, POLONI V L, CAVAGLIERI L. Impact of mycotoxin contamination in the animal feed industry[J]. Curr Opin Food Sci., 2019,29: 99-108. [5] LOH Z H,OUWERKERK D, KLIEVE A V, et al. Toxin Degradation by Rumen Microorganisms: A Review.[J]. Toxins, 2020,12(10): 664. [6] 刘 康, 张佩华. 奶牛饲料中霉菌毒素的危害及对策[J]. 湖南饲料, 2018(2): 27-29. LIU K, ZHANG P H. The harm of mycotoxins in dairy cattle feed and countermeasures[J]. Hunan Feed, 2018(02): 27-29.(in Chinese) [7] 李子谦, 文勇立, 齐沛森, 等. AFB1与吸附剂对牦牛瘤胃发酵性能的影响[J]. 东北农业大学学报, 2018,49(04): 59-66. LI Z Q, WEN L Y, QI P S, et al. Effect of aflatoxin B1 and adsorbents on rumen fermentation performance of yaks[J]. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2018,49(4): 59-66. (in Chinese) [8] GALLO A, GIUBERTI G, FRISVAD J C, et al. Review on mycotoxin issues in ruminants: Occurrence in forages, effects of mycotoxin ingestion on health status and animal performance and practical strategies to counteract their negative effects[J]. Toxins, 2015,7(8): 3057-3111. [9] MARTÍN I, GÁLVEZ L, GUASCH L, et al. Fungal pathogens and seed storage in the dry state[J]. Plants, 2022,11(22): 3167. [10] CONTE G, FONTANELLI M, GALLI F, et al. Mycotoxins in feed and food and the role of ozone in their detoxification and degradation: An update[J]. Toxins, 2020,12(8): 486. [11] 尹清强, 常 娟, 王 平, 等. 饲料中多种霉菌毒素的危害与生物防控[J]. 饲料工业, 2021,42(21): 9-14. YIN Q Q, CHANG J, WANG P, et al. Hazard and biological control of multi-mycotoxins in feed[J]. Feed Industry, 2021,42(21): 9-14. (in Chinese) [12] 张 勇, 杨玉林, 齐莎日娜, 等. 2021年国内饲料和饲料原料中霉菌毒素污染状况调查[J]. 饲料工业, 2022,43(15): 55-58. ZHANG Y, YANG Y L, QISHA R N, et al. A survey on the mycotoxin contamination of domestic feed and raw materials in 2021[J]. Feed Industry, 2022,43(15): 55-58. (in Chinese) [13] XING F, LIU X, WANG L, et al. Distribution and variation of fungi and major mycotoxins in pre- and post-nature drying maize in North China Plain[J]. Food Control, 2017,80: 244-251. [14] HAN X, XU W, ZHANG J, et al. Natural occurrence of beauvericin and enniatins in corn-and wheat-based samples harvested in 2017 collected from Shandong Province, China[J]. Toxins, 2018,11(1): 9. [15] WEI H, SHU G, ANPING L, et al. Mycotoxin occurrence in feeds and raw materials in China: A five-year investigation[J]. Toxins, 2023,15(1): 63. [16] 李思齐, 吕素芳, 李 峰, 等. 鲁北地区全株玉米青贮饲料霉菌毒素检测分析[J]. 中国草食动物科学, 2018,38(5): 27-29. LI S Q, LV S F, LI F, et al. Detection and analysis on mycotoxins in whole corn silage in North Shandong[J]. China Herbivore Science, 2018,38(5): 27-29. (in Chinese) [17] 李卫娟, 洪琼花, 高 新, 等. 云南省反刍动物用饲草料霉菌毒素污染情况初报[J]. 中国草食动物科学, 2017,37(2): 20-23. LI W J, HONG Q H, GAO X, et al. Investigation on mycotoxins contamination of ruminant forage grass and feed in Yunnan[J]. China Herbivore Science, 2017,37(2): 20-23. (in Chinese) [18] 郑会超, 黄 新, 吴建良, 等. 浙江省主要青粗饲料霉菌毒素残留检测分析[J]. 家畜生态学报, 2014,35(11): 73-76. ZHENG H C, HUANG X, WU J L, et al. Detection of mycotoxins residues in major forages in Zhejiang Province[J]. Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology, 2014,35(11): 73-76. (in Chinese) [19] 张欣昕, 张福金, 张 尧, 等. 中国青贮玉米中霉菌毒素的污染情况分析与动物健康风险评估[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021,48(12): 4451-4459. ZHANG X X, ZHANG F J, ZHANG Y, et al. Analysis of mycotoxin contamination and animal health risk assessment in silage corn of China[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2021,48(12): 4451-4459. (in Chinese) [20] 席俊程, 殷术鑫, 王 璐, 等. 2018年不同地区全株玉米青贮品质分析[J]. 黑龙江八一农垦大学学报, 2019,31(5): 55-59. XI J C, YIN S X, WANG L, et al. Quality analysis of whole plant corn silage in different regions in 2018[J]. Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 2019,31(05): 55-59. (in Chinese) [21] LU-XI L, QIN-QIN C, CHAO-DONG Z, et al. Aflatoxin B1 causes oxidative stress and apoptosis in sheep testes associated with disrupting rumen microbiota[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2022,232: 113225. [22] AMIN A B, MAO S. Influence of yeast on rumen fermentation, growth performance and quality of products in ruminants: A review[J]. Anim Nutr, 2021,7(1): 31-41. [23] HAN L, XUE W, CAO H, et al. Comparison of rumen fermentation parameters and microbiota of yaks from different altitude regions in Tibet, China[J]. Front Microbiol, 2022,12: 807512. [24] WANG H, LI H, WU F, et al. Effects of dietary energy on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial community, and meat quality of Holstein-Friesians bulls slaughtered at different ages[J]. Animals, 2019,9(12): 1123. [25] WANG R, HE S, HUANG D, et al. The response of rumen pH, fermentation parameters and rumen bacteria to feeds of different concentrate to roughage ratios in buffalos[J]. Front. Microbiomes, 2023,1: 1053794. [26] FINK-GREMMELS J. The role of mycotoxins in the health and performance of dairy cows[J]. Vet J, 2008,176(1): 84-92. [27] YOSHIZAWA T, COTE L, SWANSON S P, et al. Confirmation of DOM-1, a de-epoxidation metabolite of deoxynivalenol, in biological fluids of lactating cows[J]. Agric Biol Chem, 1986,50(1): 227-229. [28] MOBASHAR M, HUMMEL J, BLANK R, et al. Ochratoxin A in ruminants-A review on its degradation by gut microbes and effects on animals[J]. Toxins, 2010,2(4): 809-839. [29] FINK-GREMMELS J. Mycotoxins in cattle feeds and carry-over to dairy milk: A review[J]. Food Addit. Contam., 2008,25(2): 172-180. [30] KHODABANDEHLOO M, MALECKY M, ALIARABI H, et al. In vitro evaluation of aflatoxin B1 effect on gas production and ruminal fermentation parameters[J]. Iran J Vet Res, 2019,20(4): 263. [31] WANG Q, ZHANG Y, ZHENG N, et al. Biological system responses of dairy cows to aflatoxin B1 exposure revealed with metabolomic changes in multiple biofluids[J]. Toxins, 2019,11(2): 77. [32] JIANG Y, OGUNADE I M, ARRIOLA K G, et al. Effects of a physiologically relevant concentration of aflatoxin B1 with or without sequestering agents on in vitro rumen fermentation of a dairy cow diet[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2020,103(2): 1559-1565. [33] DONG J, ZHAO Z, WANG Z, et al. Impact of deoxynivalenol on rumen function, production, and health of dairy cows: Insights from metabolomics and microbiota analysis[J]. J Hazard Mater, 2024,465: 133376. [34] JEONG J S, LEE J H, SIMIZU Y, et al. Effects of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on in vitro rumen fermentation[J]. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 2010,162(3-4): 144-148. [35] SARICH J M, STANFORD K, SCHWARTZKOPF-GENSWEIN K S, et al. Effect of ergot alkaloids and a mycotoxin deactivating product on in vitro ruminal fermentation using the Rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC)[J]. J Anim Sci, 2022,100(9): c226. [36] RICCIO M B, TAPIA M O, MARTÍNEZ G, et al. Effect of the combination of crude extracts of Penicillium griseofulvum and Fusarium graminearum containing patulin and zearalenone on rumen microbial fermentation and on their metabolism in continuous culture fermenters[J]. Arch Anim Nutr, 2014,68(4): 309-319. [37] HARTINGER T, GRABHER L, PACÍFICO C, et al. Short-term exposure to the mycotoxins zearalenone or fumonisins affects rumen fermentation and microbiota, and health variables in cattle[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2022,162: 112900. [38] XUE B, CHUNHUA G, ZHENGFAN Z, et al. Effect of mycotoxins contaminated corn on growth nutrient digestibility and in vitro rumen fermentation in goats[J]. Indian J Anim Sci, 2016,86(2): 226-231. [39] BIERWORTH R M.Deoxynivalenol and ergot alkaloid levels in wheat grain and their effects on growth performance, rumen parameters, and health status of feedlot cattle.[D]. Saskatoon: University of Saskatchewan, 2023. [40] 安雅静, 文勇立, 赵佳琦, 等. 宏基因组学揭示 AFB1对牦牛瘤胃微生物多样性及 CAZy 谱影响[J]. 家畜生态学报, 2019,40(2): 13-20. AN Y J, WEN Y L, ZHAO J Q, et al. Metagenomics reveals the effect of AFB1 on rumen microbial diversity and CAZy of yak[J]. Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology, 2019,40(2): 13-20. (in Chinese) [41] LIN L, CAO Q, ZHANG C, et al. Aflatoxin B1 causes oxidative stress and apoptosis in sheep testes associated with disrupting rumen microbiota[J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2022,232: 113225. [42] 张 洋. 河南地区玉米青贮黄曲霉毒素B1污染调查及其对瘤胃内环境的影响[D]. 湖南:湖南农业大学, 2022. ZHANG Y. Contamination investigation of maize silage AFT-B1 and its effect on rumen environment in Henan Province[D]. Hunan: Hunan Agricultural University, 2022. (in Chinese) [43] 颜琼娴,陈文勋,惠浩阳,等. 玉米赤霉烯酮对山羊生长性能、胃肠道发酵模式和菌群结构的影响研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023,54(3): 1109-1123. YAN Q X, CHEN W X, HUI H Y, et al. Effects of zearalenone on growth performance, gastrointestinal fermentation and microbiota community structure of goats [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023,54(3): 1109-1123. (in Chinese) [44] GHEDIRA-CHEKIR L, MAAROUFI K, ZAKHAMA A, et al. Induction of a SOS repair system in lysogenic bacteria by zearalenone and its prevention by vitamin E[J]. Chem Biol Interact, 1998,113(1): 15-25. [45] SENGUPTA K, HIVARKAR S S, PALEVICH N, et al. Genomic architecture of three newly isolated unclassified Butyrivibrio species elucidate their potential role in the rumen ecosystem[J]. Genomics, 2022,114(2): 110281. [46] WEMHEUER F, TAYLOR J A, DANIEL R, et al. Tax4Fun2: prediction of habitat-specific functional profiles and functional redundancy based on 16S rRNA gene sequences[J]. Environ. Microbiome, 2020,15: 1-12. [47] DAVIES J S, CURRIE M J, WRIGHT J D, et al. Selective nutrient transport in bacteria: multicomponent transporter systems reign supreme[J]. Front Mol Biosci, 2021,8: 699222. [48] 陈福暖,黄 瑜,蔡 佳,等.ABC转运蛋白结构及其在细菌致病性中的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022,38(6): 43-52. CHEN F N, HUANG Y, CAI J, et al. Structure of ABC transporter and research progress of it in bacterial pathogenicity[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022,38(6): 43-52. (in Chinese) [49] MUKHERJEE S, BASSLER B L. Bacterial quorum sensing in complex and dynamically changing environments[J]. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2019,17(6): 371-382. [50] RASMUSSEN T B, SKINDERSOE M E, BJARNSHOLT T, et al. Identity and effects of quorum-sensing inhibitors produced by Penicillium species[J]. Microbiology, 2005,151(5): 1325-1340. [51] QUADRIYA H, ADEEB MUJTABA ALI S, PARAMESHWAR J, et al. Microbes living together: Exploiting the art for making biosurfactants and biofilms[J]. Implication of Quorum Sensing System in Biofilm Formation and Virulence, 2018: 161-177. [52] GALIÉ S, GARCÍA-GUTIÉRREZ C, MIGUÉLEZ E M, et al. Biofilms in the food industry: health aspects and control methods[J]. Front Microbiol, 2018,9: 898. [53] DEL MAZO-MONSALVO I, SANTIAGO-MARTÍNEZ M G. Microbes produce biofilms to support their communities in nutrient-limited environments[J]. Nat Microbiol, 2024,9(7): 1636-1637. [54] XIROS C, SHAHAB R L, STUDER M H. A cellulolytic fungal biofilm enhances the consolidated bioconversion of cellulose to short chain fatty acids by the rumen microbiome[J]. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2019,103: 3355-3365. [55] WANG H, CHU W, YE C, et al. Chlorogenic acid attenuates virulence factors and pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by regulating quorum sensing[J]. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2019,103: 903-915. [56] GARCÍA-PÉREZ E, RYU D, LEE C, et al. Ochratoxin A induces oxidative stress in HepG2 Cells by impairing the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes[J]. Toxins, 2021,13(4): 271. [57] CHEN J, HUANG Z, CAO X, et al. Plant-derived polyphenols as Nrf2 activators to counteract oxidative stress and intestinal toxicity induced by deoxynivalenol in swine: An emerging research direction[J]. Antioxidants, 2022,11(12): 2379. [58] MA J, LIU Y, GUO Y, et al. Transcriptional profiling of aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in macrophages[J]. Toxins, 2021,13(6): 401. [59] CHEN X, ABDALLAH M F, GROOTAERT C, et al. Bioenergetic status of the intestinal and hepatic cells after short term exposure to fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin B1[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2022,23(13): 6945. [60] CHENG Q, JIANG S, HUANG L, et al. Zearalenone induced oxidative stress in the jejunum in postweaning gilts through modulation of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and relevant genes[J]. J Anim Sci, 2019,97(4): 1722-1733. [61] LI J, WANG Y, DENG Y, et al. Toxic mechanisms of the trichothecenes T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol on protein synthesis[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2022,164: 113044. [62] KIM J J, LEE S B, PARK J K, et al. TNF-α-induced ROS production triggering apoptosis is directly linked to Romo1 and Bcl-XL[J]. Cell Death Differ, 2010,17(9): 1420-1434. [63] MA Q. Transcriptional responses to oxidative stress: pathological and toxicological implications[J]. Pharmacol Ther, 2010,125(3): 376-393. [64] SUGIHARA K, KAMADA N. Metabolic network of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease[J]. Inflamm Regen, 2024,44(1): 11. [65] NGUYEN T, NIOI P, PICKETT C B. The Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway and its activation by oxidative stress[J]. J Biol Chem, 2009,284(20): 13291-13295. [66] SUN Y, YANG T, K LEAK R, et al. Preventive and protective roles of dietary Nrf2 activators against central nervous system diseases[J]. Drug Targets, 2017,16(3): 326-338. [67] JIN S, YANG H, JIAO Y, et al. Dietary curcumin alleviated acute ileum damage of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) induced by AFB1 through regulating Nrf2-ARE and NF-κB signaling pathways[J]. Foods, 2021,10(6): 1370. [68] GAO Y, WANG Z, YANG X, et al. Aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A induce a competitive endogenous RNA regulatory network of intestinal immunosuppression by whole-transcriptome analysis[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2023,854: 158777. [69] BEISL J, PAHLKE G, ABELN H, et al. Combinatory effects of cereulide and deoxynivalenol on in vitro cell viability and inflammation of human Caco-2 cells[J]. Arch Toxicol, 2020,94(3): 833-844. [70] WOJTACHA P, TRYBOWSKI W, PODLASZ P, et al. Effects of a low dose of T-2 toxin on the percentage of T and B lymphocytes and cytokine secretion in the porcine ileal wall[J]. Toxins, 2021,13(4): 277. [71] ZHANG H, WANG Y, ZHOU X, et al. Zearalenone induces immuno-compromised status via TOR/NF/κB pathway and aggravates the spread of Aeromonas hydrophila to grass carp gut (Ctenopharyngodon idella)[J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2021,225: 112786. [72] SHAITO A, THUAN D T B, PHU H T, et al. Herbal medicine for cardiovascular diseases: efficacy, mechanisms, and safety[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2020,11: 422. [73] POLINÁRIO G, PRIMO L M D G, ROSA M A B C, et al. Antimicrobial peptides as drugs with double response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfections in lung cancer[J]. Front Microbiol, 2023,14: 1183247. [74] WANG J, CHEN W, WANG Y. The relationship between gut microbiota and inflammatory diseases: the role of macrophages[J]. Front Microbiol, 2020,11: 535016. [75] HURLEY J C. Endotoxemia: methods of detection and clinical correlates[J].Clin Microbiol Rev, 1995,8(2): 268-292. [76] GIOANNINI T L, WEISS J P. Regulation of interactions of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins with mammalian cells[J]. Immunol Res, 2007,39: 249-260. [77] MIYAKE K. Innate immune sensing of pathogens and danger signals by cell surface Toll-like receptors: Seminars in immunology[C]. Elsevier, 2007. [78] TSUKAMOTO H, TAKEUCHI S, KUBOTA K, et al. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein stimulates CD14-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 internalization and LPS-induced TBK1-IKK-IRF3 axis activation[J]. J Biol Chem, 2018,293(26): 10186-10201. [79] PINTON P, BRAICU C, NOUGAYREDE J, et al. Deoxynivalenol impairs porcine intestinal barrier function and decreases the protein expression of claudin-4 through a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism[J]. J Nutr, 2010,140(11): 1956-1962. [80] WANG S, ZHANG C, WANG X, et al. Deoxynivalenol inhibits porcine intestinal trefoil factors expression in weanling piglets and IPEC-J2 cells[J]. Toxins, 2019,11(11): 670. [81] LI Y, LIU J, PONGKORPSAKOL P, et al. Relief effects of icariin on inflammation-induced decrease of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2022,13: 903762. [82] NASCIMENTO D D S M, MOTA A C C C, CARVALHO M C D C, et al. Can diet alter the intestinal barrier permeability in healthy people? A aystematic review[J]. Nutrients, 2024,16(12): 1871. [83] HU J, CHEN J, XU X, et al. Gut microbiota-derived 3-phenylpropionic acid promotes intestinal epithelial barrier function via AhR signaling[J]. Microbiome, 2023,11(1): 102. |
| [1] | GAO Boquan, WANG Xiumin, HAN Bing, TAO Hui, WANG Zhenlong, WANG Jinquan. Research Progress on Laccase Degradation of Mycotoxins [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3650-3657. |
| [2] | ZHANG Shiqi, ZHENG Nan, WANG Jiaqi, ZHAO Shengguo. Effect of Dietary NFC/NDF Ratio on the Metabolic Flux of Microbial Urea Nitrogen in the Rumen of Dairy Cows [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(3): 1302-1312. |
| [3] | YANG Wenhui, WANG Feifei, LI Chenlei, SUN Yu, QIN Junjie, ZHU Hao, GUO Yansheng. Study on the Mechanism of Sijunzi San to Strengthen Spleen based on Rumen Flora of Dairy Cows [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(12): 6487-6501. |
| [4] | LI Wei, WU Xilong, ZHAO Xingrui, XU Lanjiao, YANG Xiaobin, SONG Xiaozhen. Effects of Chinese Medicine Jianpisiwei Formulas on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Microbiota Composition of Weaned Hu Sheep [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(1): 466-478. |
| [5] | Longping LI, Tuo LI, Peiwen CAO, Haijing ZHU, Xiaoling ZHANG, Chen ZHANG, Puhui XIAO, Shuwei DONG, Ping FENG, Lei QU, Taifei BI. Effects of Diets with Different Energy Levels on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Microbial Composition of Weaned Male Shaanbei White Cashmere Goats [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(7): 3011-3023. |
| [6] | LONG Tanghui, ZHOU Jianghui, ZHAN Yanbo, ZHANG Jian, ZHAO Xianghui, LI Yanjiao, OUYANG Kehui, QIU Qinghua. Research Progress on LuxS/AI-2 Quorum Sensing of Rumen Microbe in Ruminants [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(5): 1893-1903. |
| [7] | XIONG Chengkun, ZHANG Daoliang, YANG Yue, DING Hongyan, ZHAO Jie, LI Yu, WANG Xichun, FENG Shibin, ZHAO Chang, TANG Jishun, WU Jinjie. Effect of Rutin on Rumen Fermentation, Rumen Flora Structure and Antioxidant Properties in Perinatal Hu Sheep [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(7): 2898-2909. |
| [8] | HU Liping, SHEN Ziliang, WANG Quan, YU Zitong, ZHANG Qiqi, MAO Yongjiang, YANG Zhangping, ZHANG Huimin. Changes of Rumen Microbe and Milk Fatty Acid Composition during Early Lactation [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(9): 3018-3028. |
| [9] | WEI Xiao, ZHANG Jiantong, LONG Tanghui, LI Kairong, LI Yanjiao, OUYANG Kehui, QIU Qinghua. Effects of Dietary Energy Level on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Microbial Composition of Hu Sheep [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(9): 3042-3051. |
| [10] | GUO Haikang, WAN Fachun, SHEN Weijun, WANG Zuo. Research Progress and Related Regulation Technology on Bacterial Quorum Sensing in the Gastro-intestinal Tract of Livestock and Poultry [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(6): 1678-1688. |
| [11] | CHE Dalu, CHENG Sucai, ZHANG Weitao, ZHAO Juanjuan, LIU Aiyu, LI Xiaoyu, ZHOU Yinghao, GAO Yuhong, SUN Xinsheng, LI Xuemei. Effects of Huopopuling Powder on Growth Performance, Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indexes in Fattening Lambs under Heat Stress [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(6): 1829-1840. |
| [12] | JIANG Jun, SUN Meijie, SHEN Junshi, DIAO Qiyu, ZHU Weiyun. Effects of Different Dietary Protein Sources Supplemented with Nisin on Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Microbiota of Fattening Hu Sheep [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(9): 2534-2544. |
| [13] | ZHANG Ruixue, LIU Xin, XU Xiaofeng, ZHANG Bo, TANG Yulin, REN Man, GUO Yansheng. Study on the Changes of Rumen Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways in Dairy Cows before and after Parturition [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(11): 3137-3148. |
| [14] | ZHAO Jiaqi, WEN Yongli, AN Yajing, LI Ziqian, QI Peisen, LI Qiang, HOU Dingchao. Response of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in Rumen of Yak to Three Exogenous Stimulating Factors [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(5): 1126-1137. |
| [15] | DONG Chunxiao, ZHANG Jinlong, GUO Xiaofei, LI Yihai, YANG Jing, ZHANG Xiaosheng. Advances in Research on the Effects of Tannins on Ruminant Production Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Microflora [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(2): 234-242. |
| Viewed | ||||||
|
Full text |
|
|||||
|
Abstract |
|
|||||