Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (11): 5888-5900.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.11.044

• Basic Veterinary Medicine • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Study on the Distribution and Expression of Lung Neuroendocrine Cells and Their Related Factors in Yak Lung Airway

DOU Wanwan1(), CUI Yan1,2, ZHANG Qian1, NIU Yueyue1, HE Junfeng1,*()   

  1. 1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
    2. Gansu Cattle and Sheep Embryo Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • Received:2024-11-07 Online:2025-11-23 Published:2025-11-27
  • Contact: HE Junfeng E-mail:1978537683@qq.com;hejf@gsau.edu.cn;hejf@gsau.edu.cn

Abstract:

Lung neuroendocrine cells (PNEC) are located in the airway epithelium, which can secrete active amines and peptides, and have the characteristics of both nerve cells and endocrine cells, which are closely related to the lung development and adaptation to the external environment of terrestrial mammals. In order to explore the distribution of PNEC in the lungs of yaks of different ages and its possible role in the formation of hypoxic adaptive structure, six yaks were selected from newborn (1-6 days old), juvenile (1-3 years old), adult (4-6 years old) and elderly (7-10 years old). Grimelius silver staining, immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to study the distribution characteristics of PNEC and its related factors, such as chromogranin A(CGA), S100, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and neurogenic differentiation factor (NEUROD1). At the same time, Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of these related factors at the protein level and the transcription at the gene level. The results showed that the number of PNEC in the airway epithelium of yak lung was the highest in the newborn group. PNEC-related factors are mainly distributed in airway epithelial cells, type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells, pulmonary artery endothelial cells and tracheal glandular epithelial cells. The expression trends of CGA, S100A1 and NEUROD1 were basically the same, with the highest expression in the lungs of newborn yaks, and then showed a decreasing trend, with significant differences in protein levels among groups (P < 0.05). Although the transcription trend of each group at the gene level is the same, there are great differences among the four factors. The expression of NSE in the lungs of adult yaks is the highest, and it is significantly higher than that of newborn yaks, young yaks and old yaks, showing a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. This study shows that PNEC and its related factors may participate in the adaptive regulation of yak lungs to hypoxia environment through dynamic expression regulation, and provide key energy support for yak survival and reproduction, which provides data for further study on the adaptive mechanism of yak lungs to hypoxia.

Key words: yak, lung, neuroendocrine cell

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