基于网络药理学的中兽药抗炎作用机制研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.014

Abstract

Abstract:

Although traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) has demonstrated efficacy and safety in clinical veterinary practice, the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effects are not fully understood. With the continuous advancement and widespread application of network pharmacology, using this discipline to predict the pharmacological basis and mechanisms of action of TCVM in treating related diseases has become a new trend in research. This review aims to systematically collate the research progress on the mechanisms of action of TCVM in treating inflammatory diseases based on network pharmacology methods. We collected relevant Chinese and English literature from the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed and Web of Science databases, and analyzed the number of publications, authors, publishers and keywords of them using CiteSpace software. Besides, we summarized the commonly used databases of TCVM research and the main active ingredients, targets and related signaling pathways of TCVM that exert anti-inflammatory effects. Further elaborate the problems existing in the research of network pharmacology, and to prospect the application potential of it in the field of TCVM research. It is expected to provide a scientific basis and new insights for the modernization research of TCVM.

Key words: network pharmacology, Chinese veterinary medicine, anti-inflammatory mechanism, bibliometrics, CiteSpace

CLC Number:

S853.74

LI Xiaodie, PAN Shiqin, WANG Lu, CHENG Zhentao, OU Deyuan, SONG Xuqin, YANG Jian. Research Progress on the Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine based on Network Pharmacology[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3701-3721.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1

Table 1

Common databases for network pharmacology of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine"

类型 Types	名称 Names	网址 Websites	介绍 Introduction	功能 Function
天然药物数据库 Natural medicines database	TCMSP(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology)	https://old.tcmsp-e.com/tcmsp.php	用于获取药物、靶点和疾病之间的关系的中医系统药理平台。	搜索草药信息，每种化合物的ADME数据、靶标以及疾病信息。
	TCMID(Traditional Chinese Medicines Integrated Database)	https://www.bidd.group/TCMID/	促进中医研究和临床调查的关键数据资源中心。	收集了配方、草药和草药成分以及疾病等各个方面的信息。
	BATMAN-TCM(Bioinformatics Annotation daTabase for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine)	http://bionet.ncpsb.org.cn/	对作用靶点的作用通路和疾病进行相关联系的中药靶点数据库。	旨在存储中药成分和目标蛋白质之间的已知和预测联系。
	ETCM(The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine)	http://www.tcmip.cn/ETCM/	整合中医常用草药和配方及其成分的全面和标准化信息的数据库。	提供了中药成分、草药和方剂的预测靶基因及其与疾病之间的关系。
	HERB(Herbal Ingredients and Reference Books)	http://herb.ac.cn/	集高通量试验数据和参考挖掘数据于一体的天然药物数据库平台。	提供中药材、中药材有效成分、靶基因、疾病、高通量试验数据等。
化学结构数据库 Chemical structure database	Pubchem	https://Pubchem.ncbi.nlm.gov/	提供化学信息的开放数据库。	收集化学结构、化学和物理特性、生物活性、健康安全和毒性数据等信息。
	DrugBank	https://go.drugbank.com/	结合药物数据与全面的药物靶点信息的数据库。	提供关于药品、药品靶点和药物作用的生物或生理结果信息。
	Swiss TargetPrediction	http://swisstargetprediction.ch/index.php	用于有效预测小分子蛋白质靶标的数据库。	可有效预测小分子蛋白质靶标的更新数据和新功能。
	SwissADME	http://www.swissadme.ch/index.php	针对药物分子的预测数据库。	评估和预测药物小分子的ADME参数、药代动力学特性、类药性质等。
疾病数据库 Disease database	GeneCards	https://www.genecards.org/	以基因、疾病、通路、化合物为中心的数据库。	提供简明的基因组，蛋白质组，转录，遗传和功能上所有已知和预测的人类基因。
	DisGeNET	https://disgenet.com/	收集疾病与各种相关基因之间相互作用的数据库。	收集了大量与人类疾病相关的基因；整合了公共数据库、动物模型和科学文献的数据等。
	OMIM(Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man)	https://www.omim.org/	研究人类表型和基因型关系的数据库。	可了解人类遗传疾病的病因、症状、遗传模式和基因突变等方面的信息。
	PharmGKB(Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base)	https://www.pharmgkb.org/	药物基因组学知识资源库。	提供临床指南和药物标签，总结基因-药物-临床关联等。
	TTD(Therapeutic Target Database)	https://db.idrblab.net/ttd/	提供靶向疾病、通路信息以及针对每个靶标的相应药物的信息数据库。	提供了有关可能用于治疗人类疾病的蛋白质靶点的详细信息。
蛋白互作数据库 Protein interaction database	STRING	https://cn.string-db.org/	用于预测蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的数据库。	提供许多基因和蛋白质注释、功能分析和网络可视化工具和功能。
蛋白分子数据库 Protein molecule database	Uniprot	https://www.uniprot.org/	收集蛋白质序列和注释数据的综合资源数据库。	为科学界提供全面、高质量且可免费访问的蛋白质序列和功能信息资源。
蛋白分子数据库 Protein molecule database	RCSB PDB(RCSB Protein Data Bank)	https://www.rcsb.org/	收集生物蛋白质三维结构的数据库。	提供对地球上所有生物体中发现的生命分子的3D结构数据。
功能富集数据库 Function enrichment databases	KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)	https://www.genome.jp/kegg/	整合了基因组、化学和系统功能信息的数据库。	用于从分子水平信息中了解生物系统的高级功能和实用程序。
	DAVID(Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery)	https://david.ncifcrf.gov/	整合生物学数据和分析工具的生物信息数据库。	为大规模的基因或蛋白列表提供系统综合的生物功能注释信息。
	Metascape	https://metascape.org/gp/index.html	基因功能注释分析工具。	获得基因注释、基因功能、基因分类、富集的通路以及蛋白质相互作用网络。

Table 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Table 2

Application of network pharmacology in the study of anti-inflammatory effects of Chinese (veterinary) medicine compounds"

复方中(兽)药名称 Name of Chinese (veterinary) medicine compounds	《兽药典》(2020版) 中适用的动物 Applicable animals in the Veterinary Pharmacopoeia (2020)	验证方法 Verification methods	中草药潜在抗炎活性成分 Potential anti-inflammatory active ingredient in Chinese herbal medicine	潜在抗炎靶点或通路 Potential anti-inflammatory targets or pathways	文献Literatures
郁金散 Yujin powder	马、牛、羊、猪	无	槲皮素、β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、山奈酚	肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、IL-10；癌症通路、南美锥虫病和细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用通路	[7]
白龙散 Bailongsan	马、牛、羊、猪、兔、禽	无	槲皮素、β-谷甾醇、山奈酚、小檗碱	TNF、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶14(MAPK14)、血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、IL-16、胱天蛋白酶3(CASP3)；IL-17信号通路	[8]
鱼腥草芩蓝口服液 Yuxingcao Indigo oral liquid	—	无	异热马酮、黄芩黄酮Ⅱ、依靛蓝酮、毛果芸香苷、连翘醇	雌激素受体1(ESR1)、热休克蛋白(HSP90AA1)、环加氧酶2(PTGS2)、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(NOS3)、MAPK14；卵母细胞成熟过程、禽神经细胞膜配体-受体信号调节过程、血管内皮生长因子信号调节过程	[9]
五味甘露 Wuwei Ganlu	—	分子对接	山奈酚、杨梅素、异荭草素、异槲皮苷、黄芪苷	TNF、IL-6、IL-1β；NOD样受体(NLR)、热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)信号通路	[10]
清肺饮 Qingfei decoction	—	分子对接	豆甾醇、槲皮素、木犀草素、薯蓣皂苷	MAPK8，IKBKB，表皮生长因子(EGFR)，哺乳动物雷帕梅素靶蛋白(mTOR)；核因子-κB(NF-κB)、MAPK、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)信号通路	[11]
白头翁汤 Pulsatilla decoction	马、牛、羊、猪、兔、禽	分子对接	吴茱萸次碱、表小檗碱、β-谷甾醇、甲基黄连碱、金黄色素和白头翁皂苷B4	基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、NOS3、过氧化物酶体增生激活受体(PPARG)；IL-17、TNF、Toll样受体(TLR) 信号通路	[12]
鹳榆止泻散 Guanyu Zhixie Powder	—	分子对接	槲皮素、苦参碱、山奈酚、β-谷甾醇、柚皮素、木犀草素、甘草异黄酮	原癌基因(FOS)、核内转录因子基因(JUN)、RELA(p65)、ESR1、MAPK1；PI3K/Akt信号通路	[13]
葛根芩连汤 Gegen Qinlian Decoction	—	分子对接	槲皮素、山奈酚、汉角素、豆甾醇	MMP3、IL1B、NOS2、血红素加氧酶1 (HMOX1)、PPARG、尿激酶(PLAU)；IL-17、AGE-RAGE、TLR、TNF信号通路	[14]
黄柏、石菖蒲合剂 Phellodendron amurense and Acorus calamus mixture	—	分子对接、体内试验(小鼠耳廓肿胀试验)	槲皮素、山奈酚	IL1B、趋化因子(CCL2)、TNF；TNF、IL-17信号通路	[15]
荆防合剂 Jingfang mixture	—	体内试验(小鼠荨麻疹模型)	槲皮素、山奈酚、β-谷甾醇、异鼠李素	Akt1、CASP3、IL1B、PTGS2、TNF；TNF、NF-κB、MAPK信号通路	[16]
天参胶囊 Tianshen capsule	—	分子对接、体外试验(LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型)	木犀草素、山奈酚、槲皮素	信号转导子与转录激活子3(STAT3)、肿瘤蛋白53(TP53)、JUN、Akt1、酪氨酸蛋白激酶基因(SRC)、MAPK1；PI3K/Akt、MAPK、TLR、JAK2/STAT3信号通路	[17]
黄柏-王不留行药对 Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex-Vaccariae Semen	—	分子对接、体内试验(非细菌性前列腺炎大鼠模型)	槲皮素、吴茱萸次碱	IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β、TP53、Akt1；PI3K/Akt、脂质与动脉粥样硬化、前列腺癌、MAPK信号通路	[18]
二妙散 Er Miao San	—	体外试验(LPS刺激的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型)、体内试验(角叉菜胶诱导的大鼠足肿胀模型)	槲皮素、汉黄芩素	TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β；TLR，NLR，TCR、MAPK信号通路	[19]
黄芪桂花五物汤 Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction	—	分子对接、体内试验(LPS诱导的小鼠炎症模型)	槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素、β-谷甾醇	α7烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(α7 nAchR)、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-10、转化生长因子(TGF-β)；TGF-β、NF-κB、JAK2/STAT3、TNF信号通路	[20]
金银花-连翘 Honeysuckle-Forsythia	—	分子对接、体外试验(奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎症模型)	β-谷甾醇、山奈酚、木犀草素、槲皮素	IL-6、IL-1β和IL-8；脂质与动脉粥样硬化、IL-17信号通路	[21]
乳康颗粒 Rukang Granules	—	分子对接	槲皮素、异鼠李素	HSPA1A、RELA、ESR1；MAPK和PI3K/Akt信号通路	[22]
柴芩复方 Chaiqin compound	—	体外试验(LPS诱导小鼠肠上皮细胞炎症模型)	槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素	TNF、Akt1；TNF-α、PI3K/Akt信号通路	[23]

Table 2

Table 3

Application of network pharmacology in the study of anti-inflammatory effects of single-component traditional Chinese (veterinary) medicine"

中(兽)药名称 Name of Chinese (veterinary) medicine	《兽药典》(2020版) 中适用的动物 Applicable animals in the Veterinary Pharmacopoeia (2020)	验证方法 Verification methods	中草药潜在抗炎活性成分 Potential anti-inflammatory active ingredient in Chinese herbal medicine	潜在抗炎靶点或通路 Potential anti-inflammatory targets or pathways	文献 Literatures
黄连 Coptidis Rhizoma	马、牛、驼、羊、猪、兔、禽	分子对接	槲皮素、黄连素、黄连碱、氧化小檗碱	CCL2、IL-6、MMP3、IL-8、MAPK1；IL-17、TNF信号通路	[24]
三七 Otoginseng Radix et Rhizoma	马、牛、驼、羊、猪、犬、猫	无	人参皂苷Rh₁、人参皂苷Rg₁、月桂酸单甘油酯、β-胡萝卜苷、人参环氧炔醇	EGFR、STAT3、MAPK14、IL-2；癌症、细胞因子受体相互作用通路	[25]
平贝母 Fritillaria ussuriensis	—	分子对接	贝母甲素、西北母碱、贝母乙素	CASP3、IL-6、JUN、TNF、IL-1β；TNF、IL-17、NF-κB、MAPK信号通路	[26]
杜仲 Eucommia ulmoides	马、牛、羊、猪、犬、猫	无	槲皮素、山奈酚、β-胡萝卜素、β-谷甾醇	IL1B、IL-6、TNF、ALB、VEGFA；TNF、IL-17、TCR、NLR、TLR信号通路	[27]
黄芪 Astragali Radix	马、牛、驼、羊、猪、兔、禽	分子对接	黄芪甲苷、山奈酚	TNF、TLR4、IL-10；脂质与动脉粥样硬化、IL-17、TNF信号通路	[28]
夏枯草 Prunella vulgaris	马、牛、羊、猪、兔、禽	分子对接、分子动力学模拟试验	迷迭香酸苷、紫草酸	TP53、JUN、CASP3、缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)；程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)、IL-17、AGE-RAGE信号通路	[29]
桑叶 Mori Folium	马、牛、羊、猪、兔、禽	分子对接	槲皮素、β-谷甾醇、山奈酚	JUN、IL6、TNF-α、SRC、IFNG；MAPK、C型凝集素受体(CLR)通路、TLR信号通路	[30]
黄柏 Phellodendron chinense Schneid	—	体内试验(二甲苯所致的小鼠耳廓肿胀模型)	小檗碱、槲皮素、β-谷甾醇、异山梨胺	IL-6、IL-1β、MAPK14；TNF、TLR、NF-κB信号通路、趋化因子信号通路	[31]
资木瓜 Chaenomeles speciosa	—	分子对接、体内试验(小鼠诱导性关节炎模型)	表儿茶素、油酸乙酯、白桦脂酸、槲皮素	VEGFA、IL-1β、IL-6；IL-17、TNF、TLR、NF-κB信号通路	[32]
文王一支笔 Balanophora involucrata	—	分子对接、体外试验(LPS诱导的RAW264.7炎症细胞模型)	柚皮素、(-)-开环异落叶松脂素	SRC、HSP90AA1、PIK3CA；癌症、PI3K/ Akt、MAPK信号通路	[33]
苦豆子 Sophora alopecuroide	—	体外试验(LPS刺激的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型)	槐定碱、苦参碱	IKBKB、NLRP3、MAPK14、MMP2；PI3K/Akt、MAPK、NF-κB、TNF信号通路	[34]
紫叶李 Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart	—	体外试验(LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型)	二氢山奈酚-β-葡糖苷、丁香酸、香草酸	NOD2、TLR1、TLR9、MMP9、MMP2、EGFR基因；MAPK、TNF、TLR、cAMP信号通路	[35]
丁香叶 Syringae Folium	马、牛、羊、猪、犬、猫、兔、禽	体内试验(小鼠耳肿胀模型)、体外试验(LPS诱导的小鼠炎症模型)	木犀草素、槲皮素	NFKB1、RELA、Akt1、TNF和PIK3CG；MAPK、NF-κB、TCR和TLR信号通路	[36]
北五味子 Schisandra chinensis	—	分子对接、体内试验(葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的溃疡性结肠炎小鼠模型)	长栲利素A、脱氧三尖杉醋碱、当归酰基戈米辛O	PIK3CA、Akt1；PI3K/Akt信号通路	[37]
白头翁 Pulsatilla chinensis	马、牛、驼、羊、猪、犬、猫、兔、禽	无	异鼠李素	EGFR、TLR；MAPK，JAK-STAT、PI3K/Akt、NF-κB等信号通路	[38]
金银花 Lonicerae japonicae flos	马、牛、羊、猪、犬、猫、兔、禽	分子对接	木犀草素、槲皮素	TNF、IL-6、IL-1β、Akt1、PTGS2；JAK/STAT、FoxO、MAPK信号通路	[39]

Table 3

Table 4

Application of network pharmacology in the study of anti-inflammatory effects of traditional Chinese (veterinary) medicine components"

复方中(兽)药名称 Name of components of Chinese (veterinary) medicine	《兽药典》(2020版) 中适用的动物 Applicable animals in the Veterinary Pharmacopoeia (2020)	验证方法 Verification methods	中草药潜在抗炎活性成分 Potential anti-inflammatory active ingredient in Chinese herbal medicine	潜在抗炎靶点或通路 Potential anti-inflammatory targets or pathways	文献 Literatures
山豆根水提物 Aqueous extract of Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma	马、牛、驼、羊、猪、兔、禽	分子对接、体内试验(胶原诱导型类风湿性关节炎小鼠模型)	槲皮素、染料木素、山奈酚、大豆皂苷C、黄豆苷元	STAT3、TNF、MAPK1、AP-1、IL6；PI3K/Akt、TNF信号通路	[40]
黄蜀葵总黄酮 Total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot	—	体外试验(流感病毒PR8诱导MDCK细胞炎症模型)、体内试验(IAV诱导的小鼠肺部炎症模型)	异槲皮素、槲皮素、槲皮素-3′ -O-葡萄糖苷、杨梅素、芦丁、金丝桃苷	TNF、IL-10、IL-6、IL-1B、JUN、MAPK1；TNF、MAPK、NF-κB和TLR信号通路	[41]
荔枝叶醇提物 Alcohol extract of Litchi chinensis Sonn. Leaves	—	体外试验(脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞)	亚油酸甲酯、亚麻酸甲酯、木犀草素、山奈酚、槲皮素	AKT1、MAPK14、MMP9、PIK3CG；TNF、HIF-1信号通路	[42]
三七提取物 Panax notoginseng extracts	马、牛、驼、羊、猪、犬、猫	分子对接、体内试验(LPS诱导的肉鸡炎症模型)	三七皂苷、三七多糖	STAT3、IL-6、CASP3；CLR、TLR、NLR、MAPK信号通路	[43]
臭灵丹乙酸乙酯部位 Ethyl acetate fraction of Laggerae Herba	—	分子对接、体外试验(LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症模型)	异绿原酸、金腰素乙、臭灵丹酸、冬青酸	IL-6、TNF-α；PI3K/Akt、IL-17、NF-κB、TNF信号通路	[44]
葡萄籽多酚 Grape seed polyphenols	—	分子对接、体外试验(LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症模型)	儿茶素、表儿茶素、原花青素B2、刺柄芒花素	PTGS2、MMP9、IL-6、TNF-α	[45]
马齿苋多糖 Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide	—	分子对接、动力学模拟试验、体内试验(DSS诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型)	甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖	VEGFA、EGFR、TLR4；MAPK、PI3K/Akt、Ras、TNF和NF-κB信号通路	[47]

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 7

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中(兽)药单体名称 Name of Chinese (veterinary) medicine monomer	《兽药典》(2020版) 中适用的动物 Applicable animals in the Veterinary Pharmacopoeia (2020)	验证方法 Verification methods	潜在抗炎靶点或通路 Potential anti-inflammatory targets or pathways	文献 Literatures
王不留行黄酮苷 Vaccarin	—	体内试验(LPS诱导的小鼠脓毒症急性肺损伤作模型)	Akt1、TNF、EGFR、HIF-1α、PTGS2；癌症通路、JAK/STAT、PI3K/Akt信号通路	[48]
苦参碱 Matrine	—	分子对接	ALB、TNF、MYC、CASP3、IL-6；TNF、MAPK、NF-κB、IL-17、TLR信号通路	[49]
黄柏碱 Phellodendrine	—	体外试验(LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型)	PTGS1、PTGS2、HTR1A、PIK3CA；cAMP、雌激素、TNF、β-肾上腺素能突触等信号通路	[50]
小檗碱 Berberine	—	分子对接、分子模拟试验、体内试验(沙门菌感染肉鸡肠道炎症模型)	HSP90AA1、PIK3CA；PI3K/Akt、cAMP、AMPK等信号通路	[51]
豆甾醇 Stigmasterol	—	分子对接、体外试验(LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型)	AChE、F2、PTGS2、MAPK3；雌激素、内分泌抵抗和甲状腺激素信号通路	[52]
岩大戟内酯B Jolkinolide B	—	分子对接、体内试验(大鼠胶原诱导性关节炎)、体外试验(LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型)	JAK2；JAK/STAT信号通路	[53]
大麻二酚 Cannabidiol	—	分子对接	TP53、TNF、转录因子p65、IκB-α、EGFR；TNF、TLR、MAPK、NF-κB信号通路	[54]
丹参酮Ⅰ和隐丹参酮 Tanshinone Ⅰ and cryptotanshinone	—	体外试验(LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型	JUN、VEGFA、TNF、MAPK8、IL-8、PTGS2；STAT3、AKT1、VEGFA、ESR1、MAPK8；TLR、JAK-STAT和mTOR信号通路	[55]

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Research Progress on the Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine based on Network Pharmacology

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