Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 2906-2916.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.06.033

• Preventive Veterinary Medicine • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Establishment of Double-antibody Sandwich ELISA Method Based on the Specifiec Nanobody against Clostridium Perfringens β Toxin

JIA Qiong(), GAO Shuaipeng, XIU Yanyu, REN Hongrui, ZHANG Shuyin, YANG Haoyu, FAN Ruiwen*()   

  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
  • Received:2024-07-18 Online:2025-06-23 Published:2025-06-25
  • Contact: FAN Ruiwen E-mail:18404967270@163.com;ruiwenfan@163.com

Abstract:

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) secretes β toxin (CPB) that can cause enteritis and enterotoxemia in livestock and wild animals, as well as severe food poisoning in humans. Therefore, the development of effective detection method is crucial for inhibiting the infection with C. perfringens. Here, the specific nanobody (named as CPB-VHH) was obtained by establishing a CPB nanobody library and panning through phage display technology, and the half-life, affinity and temperature stability were evaluated. Using CPB-VHH as the capture antibody and alpaca anti-CPB polyclonal serum as the detection antibody, a double-antibody sandwich ELISA method was established and evaluated. The results showed that CPB-VHH was successfully obtained with a half-life of 2.152 h, an affinity constant of 0.961 2 and good stability within 37 ℃. Based on CPB-VHH, a specific double-antibody sandwich ELISA was established with the critical value of 0.183, the sensitivity of 0.977 ng·mL-1, accuracy of 92%, and without cross reaction with CPA, CPB, ETX recombinant protein of Clostridium perfringens, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, Salmonella and Escherichia coli, which showed the good specification. The results suggested that the double-antibody sandwich ELISA method established in this study provided a diagnostic method for C. perfringens type B and C infections, and also provided guidance for vaccine development involving CPB quantification and research on the pathogenicity of β toxin.

Key words: Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), β toxin (CPB), nanobody, ELISA

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