基于血液代谢组筛选奶牛血氧饱和度相关代谢物及通路

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.02.014

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aimed to identify differential metabolites and pathways associated with blood oxygen saturation (BOS) by analyzing blood metabolites between the high and low BOS groups of dairy cows. Blood samples were collected from 60 Chinese Holstein cows in two Tibet's commercial farms, then 43 blood metabolite profiles and other phenotypes were obtained from 30 Holstein cows in each of the high and low BOS groups based on absolute quantification by ¹H NMR. Fold Change analysis, t-test and variable importance in projection were used to investigate the differential metabolites and related pathways related to BOS. A total of 17 metabolites were found to be associated with high and low BOS, with 3 up-regulated metabolites (glycine, mannitol, urea; P < 0.05) and 14 down-regulated metabolites (citrate, formate, pyruvate and others; P < 0.05) in high BOS group. The 16 metabolic pathways were found that related to the glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism and others. Differential metabolites were related to a variety of metabolisms such as amino acids and organic acids in the cow body and had a critical role in the protection and treatment of tissue damage, the regulation of cellular homeostasis, and the alleviation of stress caused by hypoxia. In general, this study identified the differential metabolites as well as pathways related to BOS levels, providing a foundation for further research on the mechanism of high-altitude adaptation in cows and alleviating high-altitude hypoxia stress.

Key words: Holstein, blood oxygen saturation, blood metabolite, high-altitude hypoxia stress

CLC Number:

S823.91

LONG Yizhou, LOU Wenqi, HUANG Shangzhen, SHI Rui, CHEN Gong, LI Bin, CISANG Zhuoma, XU Qing, WANG Yachun. Analyses of Metabolites and Pathways Related to Hypoxic Stress in Dairy Cows Based on Blood Metabolome[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(2): 621-632.

Figures/Tables 7

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个体信息 Individual information	低血氧饱和度组 Low blood oxygen saturation group			高血氧饱和度组 High blood oxygen saturation group
个体信息 Individual information	均值 Average	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数/% Coefficient of variation	均值 Average	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数/% Coefficient of variation
荷斯坦牛血统比例/% Holstein cattle pedigree ratio	85.83^a	13.63	16	88.80^a	13.83	16
体况评分Body condition score	3.37^a	1.18	35	3.28^a	1.06	32
胎次Parity	2.67^a	1.45	54	2.57^a	1.28	50
泌乳天数/d Days in milk	190.40^a	230.85	121	227.90^a	123.14	54
日龄/d Daily age	1 840.83^a	723.25	39	1 924.37^a	588.18	31
血氧饱和度/% Blood oxygen saturation	86.83^a	8.52	10	96.03^b	2.48	3

差异代谢物 Differential metabolites	FC	t检验t-test		VIP
差异代谢物 Differential metabolites	FC	P-value	FDR	VIP
3-羟基丁酸3-Hydroxybutyrate	—	—	—	1.25
乙酰乙酸盐Acetoacetate	—	4.88×10^－3	3.50×10^－2	1.47
丙酮Acetone	—	—	—	1.14
甜菜碱Betaine	0.666	—	—	1.29
柠檬酸盐Citrate	0.665	4.75×10^－4	6.81×10^－3	1.80
肌酸Creatine	—	—	—	1.35
肌酐Creatinine	—	—	—	1.21
甲酸盐Formate	—	2.84×10^－5	1.22×10^－3	2.10
甘氨酸Glycine	5.130	1.16×10^－3	1.24×10^－2	1.68
异亮氨酸Isoleucine	—	—	—	1.19
赖氨酸Lysine	—	—	—	1.16
甘露醇Mannitol	—	—	—	1.13
蛋氨酸Methionine	—	1.48×10^－3	1.27×10^－2	1.64
脯氨酸Proline	—	—	—	1.20
丙二醇Propylene glycol	0.565	—	—	1.26
丙酮酸盐Pyruvate	—	1.83×10^－4	3.94×10^－3	1.90
尿素Urea	3.855	—	—	1.28

代谢通路 Related pathway	总数 Total	匹配次数 Hits	原始P Raw P
乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism	31	4	6.78×10^－5
甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism	33	4	7.33×10^－4
硫辛酸代谢Lipoic acid metabolism	28	2	8.39×10^－4
柠檬酸盐循环(TCA循环)Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)	20	2	1.49×10^－3
丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism	28	2	1.49×10^－3
初级胆汁酸生物合成Primary bile acid biosynthesis	46	1	2.63×10^－3
谷胱甘肽代谢Glutathione metabolism	28	1	2.63×10^－3
卟啉代谢Porphyrin metabolism	31	1	2.63×10^－3
酪氨酸代谢Tyrosine metabolism	42	2	3.52×10^－3
半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢Cysteine and methionine metabolism	33	2	7.18×10^－3
丁酸甲酯代谢Butanoate metabolism	15	1	1.19×10^－2
精氨酸生物合成Arginine biosynthesis	14	1	1.25×10^－2
嘌呤代谢Purine metabolism	70	1	1.25×10^－2
缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation	39	2	2.02×10^－2
糖酵解/糖异生Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis	26	1	3.33×10^－2
丙酮酸代谢Pyruvate metabolism	23	1	3.33×10^－2

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Analyses of Metabolites and Pathways Related to Hypoxic Stress in Dairy Cows Based on Blood Metabolome

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