饲喂水平对冬毛生长期雄性北极狐生产性能、器官发育及机体能量沉积的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2020.01.011

Abstract

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding level on productive performance, organ development and body energy deposition of male Arctic foxes during the winter fur growth period. Forty-six healthy 161-day-old male Arctic foxes with average body weight of (7 285±5.77) g were selected, including 6 Arctic foxes as slaughter trial control at the beginning of the trial, another 40 Arctic foxes were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 replicates per group and 1 fox per replicate. The foxes were offered diet for ad libitum (AL,Group I), 80% (IR80,Group II), 60% (IR60,Group III) and 40% (IR40,Group IV) of ad libitum intake, respectively. The experiment was 7 days for adaption and 67 days for trial period. The parameters of growth performance, fur quality, organ development and body energy deposition were evaluated by means of feeding, slaughter trials and chemical analysis methods. The results showed as follows:1) With the decrease of feeding level, ADFI showed an extremely significant decrease(P<0.01), ADG in group II was extremely significantly higher than that in group IV (P<0.01), and significantly higher than that in group III (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between group II and I (P>0.05). Final weight (FW) and F/G were not significantly different among different groups(P>0.05), whereas the FW in group II were higher than those in the other groups, and F/G in group II were lower than those in the other groups. 2) Different feeding levels extremely significantly affected length of fresh pelt (P<0.01). Length of fresh pelt in group I was extremely significantly higher than those in group III and IV (P<0.01), and no significant difference was found between group I and II (P>0.05). With the decrease of feeding level, there were decreased trends in body length, length of dried pelt, length of guard hair and length of under hair, but there were no significant difference among 4 groups (P>0.05). 3) Different feeding levels significantly affected heart weight and heart index (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Heart weight in group II was significantly higher than that in group III (P<0.05), and no significant difference was found among group I, II and IV (P>0.05). Heart index in group IV was extremely significantly higher than that in group I (P<0.01), and significantly higher than that in group III (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between group II and IV (P>0.05).Whereas feeding levels did not significantly affect the weight and indexes of liver, kidney, spleen, lung (P>0.05). 4)With the decrease of feeding level, there were all decreased trends in pelt weight gain, pelt fat deposition and its energy deposition, total pelt energy deposition, carcass fat deposition and its energy deposition, carcass protein deposition and its energy deposition as well as total carcass energy deposition, whereas there were no significant difference in all parameters of energy deposition of pelt and carcass among different groups(P>0.05). Feeding 80% of ad libitum intake (IR 80) does not affect the normal development of body organs, could ensure the body weight gain and fur quality, improve the feed efficiency and also reduce the obesity risk due to excessive energy deposition of Arctic foxes during the winter fur growth period.

Key words: Arctic fox, growth performance, fur characteristics, organ development, energy deposition

CLC Number:

S816

ZHONG Wei, SUN Weili, MU Linlin, LIU Keyuan, HAN Feifei, GUO Xiaolan, ZHANG Xinyu, LI Guangyu. Effects of Feeding Level on Productive Performance, Organ Development and Body Energy Deposition of Male Arctic Foxes during the Winter Fur Growth Period[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(1): 90-98.

References 34

[1]	ZHANG G F,LIU D W,WANG F L,et al.Estimation of the net energy requirements for maintenance in growing and finishing pigs[J].J Anim Sci,2014,92(7):2987-2995.
[2]	LIU W,LIN C H,WU Z K,et al.Estimation of the net energy requirement for maintenance in broilers[J].Asian-Australas J Anim Sci,2017,30(6):849-856.
[3]	许贵善,刁其玉,纪守坤,等.不同饲喂水平对肉用绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能及器官指数的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(5):953-960.XU G S,DIAO Q Y,JI S K,et al.Effects of different feeding levels on growth performance,slaughter performance and organ indexes of Mutton sheep[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(5):953-960.(in Chinese)
[4]	冯昕炜,马绍楠,周艳,等.饲喂水平对多浪羊生产性能及内脏器官发育的影响[J].饲料工业,2017,15(38):36-39.FENG X W,MA S N,ZHOU Y,et al.Effect of different feeding level on production performance and visceral organ development of Duolang sheep[J]. Feed Industry,2017,15(38):36-39.(in Chinese)
[5]	ZHANG H,SUN L W,WANG Z Y,et al.Energy and protein requirements for maintenance of Hu sheep during pregnancy[J].J Integr Agri,2018,17(1):173-183.
[6]	TAUSON A H.Effects of flushing on reproductive performance,ovulation rate,implantation rate and plasma progesterone levels in mink[J].Acta Agric Scand,1985,35(3):295-309.
[7]	HANSEN B K,SU G,BERG P.Genetic variation in litter size and kit survival of mink (Neovison vison)[J].J Anim Breed Genet,2010,127(6):442-451.
[8]	HANSEN S W,MØLLER S H,DAMGAARD B M.Feed restriction and tubes for environmental enrichment in growing mink-Consequences for behaviour and welfare[J].Appl Anim Behav Sci,2011,134(3-4):193-200.
[9]	MØLLER S H,NIELSEN V H,HANSEN B K.Individual ad libitum feeding of male + female pairs of mink kits during the growth period increases weight gain and feed efficiency[C]//VIII International Scientific Congress in Fur Animal Production 15-18 September 2004.Hertogenbosch,The Netherlands,2004:154-158.
[10]	National Research Council (NRC).Nutrient requirements of mink and foxes[M].2nd ed.Washington DC:National Academies Press,1982.
[11]	Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists (NJF).Energy and main nutrients in feed for mink and foxes[M].2nd ed.Finland:Fur Animals Nutrition and Feeding Committee,2012.
[12]	张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007.ZHANG L Y.Feed analysis and feed quality detection technology[M].3rd ed.Beijing:Chinese Agricultural University Press,2007.(in Chinese)
[13]	叶耀辉,许培文.限饲对猪皮下各脂肪层脂肪沉积及胴体组成的影响[J].福建农业学报,1998(4):43-46.YE Y H,XU P W.Effect of limited feeding on various fat layers of back fat and carcass composition in pigs[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,1998(4):43-46.(in Chinese)
[14]	殷宗俊,卞国保,王中才,等.合理限饲可减少早期断奶对仔猪的影响[J].动物科学与动物医学,2005,22(9):38-39.YIN Z J,BIAN G B,WANG Z C,et al.Rational feeding restriction can reduce the effect of early weaning on piglets[J].Animal Science and Animal Medicine,2005,22(9):38-39.(in Chinese)
[15]	OLVER M D.Effect of restricted feeding during the rearing period and a "forced moult" at 40 weeks of production on the productivity of Pekin breeder ducks[J].Br Poult Sci,1995,36(5):737-746.
[16]	王生雨,李惠敏,占志平,等.不同限饲水平对产蛋期肉种鸭生产性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(3):447-452.WANG S Y,LI H M,ZHAN Z P,et al.Different restricted feeding amounts affect performance of meat-type breeder ducks during the laying period[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(3):447-452.(in Chinese)
[17]	BIROLO M,TROCINO A,TAZZOLI M,et al.Effect of feed restriction and feeding plans on performance,slaughter traits and body composition of growing rabbits[J].World Rabbit Sci,2017,25(2):113-122.
[18]	LU J,SHEN Y,HE Z,et al.Effects of a short-term feed restriction on growth performance,blood metabolites and hepatic IGF-1 levels in growing rabbits[J].World Rabbit Sci,2017,25(3):233-239.
[19]	魏炳栋,刁其玉,陈群,等.饲喂水平对杂交肉羊(公)营养物质代谢及能量需要量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(10):3551-3562.WEI B D,DIAO Q Y,CHEN Q,et al.Effects of feeding level on nutrient metabolism and energy requirement parameters of crossbred male sheep[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(10):3551-3562.(in Chinese)
[20]	RAJAEI SHARIFABADI H,NASERIAN A A,VALIZADEH R,et al.Growth performance,feed digestibility,body composition,and feeding behavior of high-and low-residual feed intake fat-tailed lambs under moderate feed restriction[J].J Anim Sci,2016,94(8):3382-3388.
[21]	ABBAS G,SIDDIQUI P J A.Effects of different feeding level on the growth,feed efficiency and body composition of juvenile mangrove red snapper,Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskal 1775)[J].Aquac Res,2009,40(7):781-789.
[22]	MCDONALD P,EDWARDS R A,GREENHALGH J F D,et al.Animal nutrition[M].6th ed.Longman,New York:Pearson Education,2002.
[23]	GALVANI D B,PIRES C C,KOZLOSKI G V,et al.Protein requirements of Texel crossbred lambs[J].Small Rumin Res,2009,81(1):55-62.
[24]	DENG K D,DIAO Q Y,JIANG C G,et al.Energy requirements for maintenance and growth of Dorper crossbred ram lambs[J].Livestock Sci,2012,150(1-3):102-110.
[25]	TU。MOVÁ E,VOLEK D,CHODOVÁ H,et al.The effect of 1-week feed restriction on performance,digestibility of nutrients and digestive system development in the growing rabbit[J].Animal,2016,10(1):1-9.
[26]	ZHANG H,SUN L W,WANG Z Y,et al.Energy and protein requirements for maintenance of Hu sheep during pregnancy[J].J Integr Agri,2018,17(1):173-183.
[27]	张晋青,岳度兵,罗海玲,等.日粮中维生素E水平对敖汉细毛羊内脏器官生长发育的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(17):43-46.ZHANG J Q,YUE D B,LUO H L,et al.Effects of vitamin E levels in diet on the growth and development of internal organs in Ao Han fine wool sheep[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2010,46(17):43-46.(in Chinese)
[28]	FUGLESTEG B N,HAGA Ø E,FOLKOW L P,et al.Seasonal variations in basal metabolic rate,lower critical temperature and responses to temporary starvation in the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) from Svalbard[J].Polar Biol,2006,29(4):308-319.
[29]	YANG J L,LU X X,HOU X Z,et al.Feed restriction alters lipogenic and adipokine gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous fat depots in lamb[J].Livestock Sci,2016,188:48-54.
[30]	BRINKMANN L,RIEK A,GERKEN M.Long-term adaptation capacity of ponies:effect of season and feed restriction on blood and physiological parameters[J].Animal,2018,12(1):88-97.
[31]	BUTZEN F M,VIEIRA M M,KESSLER A M,et al.Early feed restriction in broilers.II:body composition and nutrient gain[J].J Appl Poult Res,2015,24(2):198-205.
[32]	ABDEL-WARETH A A A,KEHRAUS S,ALI A H H,et al.Effects of temporary intensive feed restriction on performance,nutrient digestibility and carcass criteria of growing male Californian rabbits[J].Arch Anim Nutr,2015,69(1):69-78.
[33]	PALO P E,SELL J L,PIQUER F J,et al.Effect of early nutrient restriction on broiler chickens.:1.Performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract[J].Poult Sci,1995,74(1):88-101.
[34]	LIPPENS M,ROOM G,DE GROOTE D,et al.Early and temporary quantitative food restriction of broiler chickens.1.Effects on performance characteristics,mortality and meat quality[J].Br Poult Sci,2000,41(3):343-354.

Effects of Feeding Level on Productive Performance, Organ Development and Body Energy Deposition of Male Arctic Foxes during the Winter Fur Growth Period

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References 34

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	LI Tie, QI Mengdi, ZHANG Keying, WANG Jianping, BAI Shiping, ZENG Qiufeng, PENG Huanwei, XUAN Yue, LÜ Li, DING Xuemei. Effects of Dietary Probiotics Supplementation during Brood-rearing Period on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Intestinal Health and Subsequent Performance of Laying Hens [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(3): 1062-1076.
[2]	FU Xiyao, CHEN Lihong, CHEN Xiaoli, SUN Weili, GUO Xiaolan. Study on Dietary Crude Protein Level of 11-17 Weeks Old Female Pheasant [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(7): 2910-2923.
[3]	WANG Mingli, WANG Meng, LI Yansen, XU Shanjin, HAN Guofeng, LI Chunmei. Effect of Different Crude Protein Levels of Artificial Crop Milk on Growth Performance,Serum Antioxidant Level and Intestinal Development of Squabs [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(4): 1545-1554.
[4]	WANG Weihao, DUAN Yan, WANG Hongdi, DOU Lu, LIU Ting, KANG Letian, SUN Lina, AO Tehenggerile, JIN Ye. Effects of Feeding Regimens on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality and Rumen Bacteria Community of Sunit Sheep [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(3): 1085-1094.
[5]	YAN Qiongxian, CHEN Wenxun, HUI Haoyang, PENG Can, TANG Shaoxun, ZHOU Xiaoling, TAN Zhiliang. Effects of Zearalenone on Growth Performance, Gastrointestinal Fermentation and Microbiota Community Structure of Goats [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(3): 1109-1123.
[6]	SU Dan, WEN Xiaobin, MA Teng, ZHONG Ruqing, WANG Yang, CHEN Liang. Effects of Hydroxytyrosol on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Inflammatory Factors in Broilers [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(11): 4851-4859.
[7]	LIU Pan, LI Ruiqi, TAN Zhankun, WANG Yifei, CHEN Xiaochen, HE Weixian, DU Renrang, MA Jian, CHU Guiyan, CAI Chuanjiang. Effects of High Fiber Diet on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Intestinal Microbiome of Growing-finishing Pigs [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(10): 4247-4259.
[8]	GUO Yanhong, TANG Jing, ZHANG Bo, CAO Junting, GUO Zhanbao, XIE Ming, ZHOU Zhengkui, WU Yongbao, WEN Zhiguo. Effects of Dietary Metabolizable Energy and Methionine Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Plasma Biochemical Parameters for Growing Pekin Ducks [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(10): 4278-4288.
[9]	CHANG Weichen, LI Shuaiqi, LI Yan, YAN Wei, ZHANG Hongying, WANG Yanbin, YANG Mingfan, ZHANG Angke. Effect of Pulsatilla Powder Prescription Decoction Ferments on Intestinal Barrier Function of Piglets Infected with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(10): 4403-4410.
[10]	WANG Jian, CHEN Xueping, LI Jichang. Effects of Lactobacillus salivary on Growth Performance and Lung Injury of Broilers Challenged with Mycoplasma gallisepticum [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(9): 3172-3179.
[11]	LU Jian, WANG Kehua, YANG Xiaodong, WANG Xingguo, LI Yongfeng, MA Meng, DOU Taocun, HU Yuping, GUO Jun, LI Shangmin, QU Liang. Effects of Dietary Metabolizable Energy Levels during Rearing on Growth and Development of Rugao Yellow Chicken at the Initiation of the Laying Period [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(7): 2215-2227.
[12]	CHE Dalu, CHENG Sucai, ZHANG Weitao, ZHAO Juanjuan, LIU Aiyu, LI Xiaoyu, ZHOU Yinghao, GAO Yuhong, SUN Xinsheng, LI Xuemei. Effects of Huopopuling Powder on Growth Performance, Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indexes in Fattening Lambs under Heat Stress [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(6): 1829-1840.
[13]	GUO Zihan, JIANG Qiqi, WANG Bin, ZHAO Na, HE Zhifei, LI Hongjun, LV Jingzhi. Effect of Lighting Rhythm on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, Meat Quality and Welfare of Rabbits [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(5): 1500-1508.
[14]	HAN Pengmin, ZHANG Ran, BIAN Shixiong, LI Yunlei, NI Aixin, WANG Yuanmei, ZONG Yunhe, ZHAO Jinmeng, YUAN Jingwei, SUN Yanyan, LI Jianhui, CHEN Jilan, MA Hui. Effects of Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus subtilis on GrowthPerformance, Carcass Traits and Immune Function of Squabs [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(11): 3880-3891.
[15]	CHEN Zhongwei, WANG Ruixiu, LIU Qiang, LIU Feng, ZHUANG Su. Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharide Supplementation as an Alternative to Antibiotic on the Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Intestinal Barrier Function and Meat Quality of Cherry Valley Ducks [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(7): 1927-1941.