牛磺酸的生理功能及在家禽生产中应用

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.10.006

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (10): 4821-4838.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.10.006

牛磺酸的生理功能及在家禽生产中应用

杨佳¹^,²^,³(), 赵丽媛¹, 马可涵¹, DieudonnéM. Dansou¹, 韩昊洋⁵, 汤超华¹, 秦玉昌¹, 张凯⁴, 余雅男¹^,*(), 张军民¹^,*()

1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室，北京 100193
2. 青岛农业大学食品科学与工程学院，青岛 266109
3. 青岛特种食品研究院，青岛 266109
4. 青岛农业大学动物科技学院，青岛 266109
5. 山西农业大学动物科学学院，太谷 030801

收稿日期:2024-12-16 出版日期:2025-10-23 发布日期:2025-11-01
通讯作者: 余雅男,张军民 E-mail:lm1178898644@163.com;yuyanan@caas.cn;zhangjunmin@caas.cn
作者简介:杨佳(2000-)，女，内蒙古乌兰察布人，硕士生，主要从事畜产品质量与安全研究，E-mail：lm1178898644@163.com
基金资助:
国家蛋鸡产业技术体系(CARS-40-K11)；北京市家禽创新团队(BAIC06-2024-G05)；江苏省家禽遗传育种重点实验室开放课题(JQLAB-KF-202302)；中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS-12)

Physiological Function of Taurine and Its Application in Poultry Production

YANG Jia¹^,²^,³(), ZHAO Liyuan¹, MA Kehan¹, Dieudonné M. Dansou¹, HAN Haoyang⁵, TANG Chaohua¹, QIN Yuchang¹, ZHANG Kai⁴, YU Yanan¹^,*(), ZHANG Junmin¹^,*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
2. College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
3. Special Food Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266109, China
4. College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
5. College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China

Received:2024-12-16 Online:2025-10-23 Published:2025-11-01
Contact: YU Yanan, ZHANG Junmin E-mail:lm1178898644@163.com;yuyanan@caas.cn;zhangjunmin@caas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

牛磺酸是一种含硫β-氨基酸，具有抗氧化、抗炎、延缓衰老、调控激素分泌及脂质代谢、提高免疫功能及维持肠道健康等多种生物学功能。本文系统综述了牛磺酸的来源、合成代谢途径及其生物学功能，重点解析牛磺酸在家禽(肉鸡、蛋鸡、鸭和鹌鹑)生产中的剂量效应与作用机制。本文对饲粮中牛磺酸的添加量进行了系统梳理，为家禽生产中牛磺酸的精准添加及功能饲料开发提供了数据参考。肉鸡饲粮中添加剂量为0.05%~0.25%可显著提升日增重及饲料转化率，同时缓解慢性热应激导致的肌肉氧化损伤；蛋鸡日粮添加剂量为0.05%~0.3%可提高产蛋率、改善蛋壳厚度并抑制脂肪肝；鸭与鹌鹑的推荐剂量分别为0.1%和0.05%~0.1%，本综述为提高牛磺酸的利用效率和加强家禽产业的实际应用提供理论支持。

关键词: 牛磺酸, 家禽生产, 生理功能, 蛋鸡, 肉鸡

Abstract:

Taurine is a sulfur-containing β-amino acid with multiple biological functions including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, hormone secretion and lipid metabolism regulation, immune function enhancement, and maintenance of intestinal health. This article systematicly reviews the sources, synthetic and metabolic pathways, biological functions of taurine, focuses on elucidating its dose-effect relationships and mechanisms of action in poultry production (broilers, laying hens, ducks, and quails).This study also systematically evaluates the optimal dietary taurine supplementation levels in poultry feed formulations, providing empirical evidence for precision nutrient supplementation and functional feed development in intensive poultry production systems. In broiler production, dietary inclusion of 0.05% to 0.25% taurine significantly enhances average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), while effectively mitigating oxidative stress-induced muscular damage under chronic heat stress conditions. For laying hens, supplementation with 0.05% to 0.3% taurine demonstrates multifunctional benefits including improved egg production rate, enhanced eggshell integrity, and attenuation of hepatic lipid deposition. Notably, species-specific requirements were identified, with recommended taurine inclusion rates of 0.1% for ducks and 0.05%-0.1% for quail in formulated diets. These findings establish a scientific basis for optimizing taurine utilization efficiency and advancing practical applications in modern poultry nutrition strategies.

Key words: taurine, poultry production, biological function, layer, broiler

中图分类号:

S816.7

杨佳, 赵丽媛, 马可涵, DieudonnéM. Dansou, 韩昊洋, 汤超华, 秦玉昌, 张凯, 余雅男, 张军民. 牛磺酸的生理功能及在家禽生产中应用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(10): 4821-4838.

YANG Jia, ZHAO Liyuan, MA Kehan, Dieudonné M. Dansou, HAN Haoyang, TANG Chaohua, QIN Yuchang, ZHANG Kai, YU Yanan, ZHANG Junmin. Physiological Function of Taurine and Its Application in Poultry Production[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(10): 4821-4838.

图/表 8

表 1

图 1

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表 2

表 3

牛磺酸在肉鸡生产中应用"

肉鸡品种 Broiler breed	试验周期/d Test period	数量/只 Quantity	试验参数 Test parameter	改善指标 Improvement index	推荐牛磺酸剂量 Recommended taurine dose	参考文献 Reference
爱拔益加雄性肉鸡 Arbor Acres male broiler	1~7、7~21	180	在饲料中添加0%、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%牛磺酸(干物质计算)	补充牛磺酸其ADG、血清中GSH-Px、SOD、T-AOC显著提高，MDA降低	0.10%~0.15%	[76]
爱拔益加雄性肉鸡 Arbor Acres male broiler	3~42	160	在饲料中添加0%、0.10%、0.20%、0.30%、0.40%牛磺酸	补充牛磺酸提高FCR、ADG	0.25%	[77]
爱拔益加雄性肉鸡 Arbor Acres male broiler	1~21、22~42	384	在饲料中添加0%、0.25%、0.50%、0.75%牛磺酸	牛磺酸试验组FCR改善、ADG提高、血清及肝中G/F、SOD、T-AOC升高、MDA、TC、TG降低	0.25%~0.5%	[56]
罗斯肉鸡 Ross broiler	1~35	120	在饮用水中补充0.1%牛磺酸	模拟HS组21~35 d饲养温度34℃，对照组温度24℃，牛磺酸降低了热休克肉鸡肝和肌肉组织中热休克蛋白的基因和蛋白质表达	0.1%	[78]
哈伯德雄性肉鸡 Hubbard male broiler	101~136	180	治疗组从第二周开始在饮用水中加入0、2.5、5、7.5 g·kg^-1牛磺酸	补充牛磺酸提高ADG、降低FCR；改善肌肉微观结构(肌纤维直径增加、肌束间距减少)；减少热应激导致的胸肌损伤。	5 g·kg^-1	[42]
爱拔益加雄性肉鸡 Arbor Acres male broiler	29~64	192	(对照组)不注射H₂O₂，(H₂O₂组)基础日粮注射10% H₂O₂，(H₂O₂+牛磺酸组) 基础日粮+5 g·kg^-1牛磺酸注射10%H₂O₂	补充牛磺酸能改善H₂O₂损伤的生长性能(ADG升高和F/G降低)和肌肉品质(pH升高和滴水损失降低)；抑制氧化损伤(SOD，MDA)，上调NF-κB的相关mRNA表达，下调Caspase家族、LC3-Ⅱ基因表达。	5 g·kg^-1	[79]
爱拔益加雄性肉鸡 Arbor Acres male broiler	2~20	200(150只体内试验、50只体外细胞试验)	试验组和治疗组从4~7 d在饲料中添加福美双50 mg·kg^-1，治疗组在8~18 d添加0.1%牛磺酸，对照组正常饲养	硫脲诱导胫骨软骨发育不良补充牛磺酸促进血管生成(VEGFA升高)；激活Wnt/β-catenin通路(GSK-3β降低)；改善骨骼发育异常	0.1%	[80]

表 3

表 4

牛磺酸在蛋鸡生产中应用"

蛋鸡品种 Layers breed	试验周期/周 Test period	数量/只 Quantity	试验参数 Test parameter	改善指标 Improvement index	推荐牛磺酸剂量 Recommended taurine dose	参考文献 Reference
伊沙褐蛋鸡 Isa brown	40~48	288	对照(0.17%DL-Met)试验组(用牛磺酸替换21.03%DL-Met、用牛磺酸替换42.07%DL-Met)	TAU替代部分Met对母鸡的抗氧化系统无不利影响，补充牛磺酸通过多种机制促进产蛋母鸡肝氧化还原平衡的维持，其中Keap1/ Nrf2通路可能参与，有节省蛋氨酸的作用	0.1%	[82]
海兰褐蛋鸡 Hy-Line Variety Brown	23~39	48	对照(基础日粮)；牛磺酸对照组(T1和T2) 分别添加0.05%和0.3%牛磺酸；高脂低蛋白日粮(FLHS模型)；牛磺酸预防组(FLHS + T1和FLHS + T2) 高脂日粮+ 0.05%和0.3%牛磺酸	补充牛磺酸可显著抑制FLHS的发生，保护肝细胞线粒体免受脂质积累和FFA引起的疾病，上调Mfn1、Mfn2、Opa1、LC3Ⅰ、LC3Ⅱ、PINK1、PGC-1α、Nrf1、Nrf2和Tfam的表达水平，下调Fis1、Drp1和p62的表达水平	0.05%	[81]
海兰褐蛋鸡 Hy-Line Variety Brown	75~67	320	基础饲粮中添加2.5、5.0或10.0 g·kg^-1的牛磺酸	增加饲粮中牛磺酸蛋壳强度有增强作用，对肝中MDA有下调作用	2.5 g·kg^-1	[51]
海兰褐蛋鸡 Hy-Line Variety Brown	71~85	720	基础饲料中添加0、1 960 mg·kg^-1的牛磺酸	与对照相比，添加牛磺酸改善蛋壳强度，提高蛋比重	1 960 mg·kg^-1	[90]
京粉1号 Jing Fen No.1	15~48	96	基础饲料中添加0%、0.02%、0.1%和0.5%的牛磺酸15~18周龄光照时间为9 h/d；19~ 22周龄每天增加1 h，22~30周龄每天增加0.5 h，31~48周龄的母鸡每天保持16 h不变	牛磺酸显著促进了蛋鸡肝中脂肪分解和脂肪酸氧化相关基因的mRNA表达；还促进了VLDL和VTG的合成和运输。这些结果表明，牛磺酸通过促进肝中的脂肪分解、脂肪酸氧化和脂质运输来缓解老年蛋鸡NAFLD	0.02%和0.1%	[84]
绿壳产蛋鸡 Green-shell laying hens	12~27	1 5000	分三个处理组：散养组、低密度笼养组(每只母鸡526 cm ²)和高密度笼养组(每只母鸡351 cm ²)每个处理组又分为对照和添加牛磺酸，从21周开始添加0.1%牛磺酸	牛磺酸对输卵管损伤有重要的保护作用。降低饲养密度还可减少输卵管内的氧化应激、炎症细胞浸润和炎症介质水平	0.1%	[91]

表 4

表 5

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食物类型 Food type	食物名称 Food name	牛磺酸含量 Taurine content
海鲜 Seafood	扇贝Scallop	801.0~852.0 mg/100 g
	鱿鱼Squid	191.5~520.5 mg/100 g
	贻贝Mussel	530.3~779.7 mg/100 g
	蛤蜊Clam	352.0~688.0 mg/100 g
	鱼Fish	8.06~10.14 μmol/g
	蚶Cockle	37.4~45.4 μmol/g
	章鱼Octopus	30.2~32.2 μmol/g
	小虾Shrimp	12.1~12.7 μmol/g
肉类 Meat	鸡肉Chicken	132.9~265.1 mg/100 g
	火腿Ham	34.1~65.9 mg/100 g
	猪肉Pork	30.2~83.8 mg/100 g
	牛肉Beef	8.0~68.0 mg/100 g
乳制品 Dairy product	羊奶Ewe′s milk	5.3~8.3 mg/100 g
	全脂牛奶Whole milk	1.4~3.4 mg/100 g
	干酪Cheese	-
	酸牛奶Yoghurt	-
坚果 Nut	榛子Hazelnut	41.6~52.0 μmol·g^-1
	松子Pine nut	23.5~43.3 μmol·g^-1
	胡桃Juglans	13.7~17.1 μmol·g^-1
	杏仁Almond	15.3~20.5 μmol·g^-1
	阿月浑子Pistachio Azuki	4.7~5.1 μmol·g^-1
	槚如树坚果Cashew nut	31.5~45.1 μmol·g^-1
豆科类 Legumes	黑豆Black bean	7.5~10.9 μmol·g^-1
	嫩豌豆Baby pea	14.9~22.5 μmol·g^-1
	蚕豆Broad bean	10.7~15.1 μmol·g^-1
	扁豆Hyacinth	10.8~15.8 μmol·g^-1
	菜豆Kidney bean	-
	花生Peanut	-
谷物 Grain	大米Rice	-
	玉米Corn	-
	麦片Cornmeal	-
	裸麦Rye	-
	小麦Wheat	-
	大麦Barley	-
海洋植物 Marine plant	紫菜Nori	252.308~477.281 mg/100 g
	绿藻Green algae	/
	褐藻Brown algae	/
	海带Laminaria	/
	石莼Ulva	/

功能 Features	参考文献 Reference
提高抗氧化性Improves antioxidant properties	[25, 34-37]
维持细胞膜稳定Maintains cell membrane stability	[38-39]
维持钙稳定Maintains calcium stability	[40]
结合胆汁酸，促进脂溶性维生素消化吸收Binds bile acids to promote digestion and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins	[41-42]
提高神经保护作用Improves neuroprotective effect	[43]
增加抗炎细胞，提高抗炎能力Increases anti-inflammatory cells and improve anti-inflammatory ability	[44-45]
解毒，缓解毒害作用Detoxification, alleviates toxic effects	[46]
调节体温，维持体温恒定Regulates body temperature and maintains a constant body temperature	[47-48]
通过线粒体调节机体稳态Regulates body homeostasis through mitochondria	[35, 49]
调节能量代谢Regulates energy metabolism	[42]
调节渗透压，维持机体稳态Regulates osmotic pressure and maintains body homeostasis	[4, 50]
调节免疫因子，提高免疫力Regulates immune factors, improves immunity	[51-52]

鸭品种 Duck breed	试验周期/d Test period	数量/只 Quantity	试验参数 Test parameter	改善指标 Improvement index	推荐牛磺酸剂量 Recommended taurine dose	参考文献 Reference
樱桃谷肉鸭 Cherry Valley Duck	1~36	200	在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20% 牛磺酸	0.10%牛磺酸显著提高35日龄活重(P < 0.01)、平均日增重(ADG↑)；降低腹脂率↓，提高全净膛率↑、瘦肉率↑；改善肌肉嫩度(肌纤维直径↓)	0.10%	[87]
樱桃谷肉鸭 Cherry Valley Duck	1~42	250	添加量为牛磺酸0.1%、壳寡糖0.05%联合使用	维持胸肌pH值稳定性、肌苷酸(IMP↑13.4%)、不饱和脂肪酸(亚麻酸↑7%)；改善肠道菌群(乳酸菌↑)	0.1%	[88]
金定蛋雏鸭 King′s Egg Chicks	1~29	240	基础饲粮上添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20% 牛磺酸	0.10%的牛磺酸可显著提高蛋雏鸭ADG↑, 降低F/G↓ (P < 0.05)提高肝中抗氧化能力，SOD↑、GSH-Px↑、T-AOC↑、及法氏囊和脾脏指数，降低MDA含量(P < 0.05)	0.10%	[86]

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牛磺酸的生理功能及在家禽生产中应用

Physiological Function of Taurine and Its Application in Poultry Production

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