基于转录组探究光周期对泰和乌鸡产蛋性能影响的分子机制

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.05.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究光周期对泰和乌鸡产蛋性能影响的分子机制。本试验选用80只体重相近的132日龄健康泰和乌鸡，随机分为对照组(CP组)和长光周期组(LP组)，每组设4个重复，每个重复10只鸡，试验时间为240 d。试验结束后，屠宰解剖并采集血清和卵巢组织，其中血清进行激素测定，卵巢组织进行HE染色、抗氧化水平检测及转录组(RNA-seq)分析。结果表明，延长光周期增加泰和乌鸡初级卵泡、次级卵泡、总卵泡(P＜0.01)、小白卵泡(P＜0.05)和大白卵泡(P＜0.05)的数目，但不影响小黄卵泡、大黄卵泡、等级卵泡和排卵后卵泡的数目(P＞0.05)；同时，延长光周期显著提高泰和乌鸡血清激素FSH、LH水平(P＜0.05)，而对E2、P4、PRL、Mel水平无明显影响(P＞0.05)，且延长光周期对卵巢自由基清除率、MDA、CAT和ROS水平无显著影响(P＞0.05)；卵巢转录组结果显示，两组间共筛选出230个差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes, DEGs)，主要富集在神经活性配体-受体相互作用(neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction)、色氨酸代谢(tryptophan metabolism)、昼夜节律(circadian rhythm)、GnRH信号通路(GnRH signaling pathway)等信号通路，其中APOLD1、KCNK3、RORC、SEMA6C等基因表达显著上调。以上结果提示，延长光周期激活泰和乌鸡原始卵泡，促进卵泡发育，增加各级卵泡数目，提高产蛋性能。

关键词: 光周期, 卵巢, 血清激素, 转录组, 泰和乌鸡

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which photoperiod influences the laying performance of Taihe black-boned silky fowl. Eighty healthy Taihe black-boned silky fowl, approximately 132 days old with similar body weights, were selected for the experiment. They were randomly divided into a control group (CP group) and a long photoperiod group (LP group), with 4 replicates of 10 chickens each. The experiment lasted for 240 days. At the conclusion of the experiment, the chickens were slaughtered and dissected, and serum and ovarian tissues were collected. Serum was used for hormone determination, while ovarian tissues underwent HE staining, antioxidant level detection, and RNA-seq analysis. The results indicated that extending the photoperiod increased the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, and total follicles (P < 0.01), as well as small white follicles (P < 0.05) and large white follicles (P < 0.05) in Taihe black-boned silky fowl. However, it did not significantly affect the number of small yellow follicles, large yellow follicles, hierarchical follicles, or post-ovulatory follicles (P>0.05). Simultaneously, extending the photoperiod significantly increased serum FSH and LH levels in the chickens (P < 0.05), but had no significant impact on E2, P4, PRL, and Mel levels (P>0.05). Furthermore, extending the photoperiod did not significantly influence ovarian free radical scavenging rate, MDA, CAT, and ROS levels (P>0.05). RNA-seq analysis of ovarian tissue revealed a total of 230 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups, primarily enriched in signaling pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, tryptophan metabolism, circadian rhythm, and the GnRH signaling pathway. Notably, the expression of APOLD1, KCNK3, RORC, and SEMA6C was significantly upregulated. These findings suggest that extending the photoperiod activates primordial follicles, promotes follicle development, increases the number of follicles at all stages, and ultimately improves the laying performance of Taihe black-boned silky fowl.

Key words: photoperiod, ovary, serum hormone, RNA-seq, Taihe black-bone silky fowls

中图分类号:

S831.2

朱海燕, 张菁怡, 晏雪勇, 梁海平, 魏庆, 曹际, 黄建珍. 基于转录组探究光周期对泰和乌鸡产蛋性能影响的分子机制[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(5): 2123-2135.

ZHU Haiyan, ZHANG Jingyi, YAN Xueyong, LIANG Haiping, WEI Qing, CAO Ji, HUANG Jianzhen. Investigating the Molecular Mechanisms of Photoperiod 's Effect on Egg-Laying Performance of Taihe Black-Bone Silky Fowls Based on RNA-seq Analysis[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(5): 2123-2135.

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基因Gene	引物序列(5′→3′)Primer sequence	登录号Accession number
KCNK3	F: CGAATCCGAGGAGGAAACGG R: ACGAAGGTGTTGATCCGCTC	XM_025149273.2
APOD	F: CAACAAGGAGATGCTTTCCAGTG R: CAGTATGGGGCAGAAGGCAT	NM_001011692.2
ADCY8	F: GGGAAAACAGAACACTCTGGC R: TCCGTAAGTCGATGGTGTGC	XM_418437.8
SERPINB2	F: GCAGATCAGATGGCAAAGGT R: AGGCACGGTGATTTGATAGG	XM_418982.8
β-actin	F: TTACTCGCCTCTGTGAAGGC R: TCCTAGACTGTGGGGGACTG	NM_205518.2

项目 Item	组别 Group		P值 P-value
项目 Item	CP组 CP group	LP组 LP group	P值 P-value
开产日龄/d Age at first production	149	143
19~23周龄平均产蛋数/枚 The average number of eggs laid from 19 to 23 weeks of age	1.53±0.75	2.34±0.91	0.512
23~27周龄平均产蛋数/枚 The average number of eggs laid from 23 to 27 weeks of age	13.55±2.13	14.92±1.79	0.633
27~31周龄平均产蛋数/枚 The average number of eggs laid from 27 to 31 weeks of age	21.10±1.49	20.80±1.05	0.872
31~36周龄平均产蛋数/枚 The average number of eggs laid from 31 to 36 weeks of age	20.17±1.49	20.00±1.047	0.956
36~40周龄平均产蛋数/枚 The average number of eggs laid from 36 to 40 weeks of age	20.17±1.55	20.97±2.04	0.760
40~44周龄平均产蛋数/枚 The average number of eggs laid from 40 to 44 weeks of age	21.67±1.61	22.5±0.89	0.659
44~48周龄平均产蛋数/枚 The average number of eggs laid from 44 to 48 weeks of age	19.68±0.74	20.16±1.31	0.775
48~53周龄平均产蛋数/枚 The average number of eggs laid from 48 to 53 weeks of age	17.27±1.95	20.45±1.11	0.187

样本 Sample	raw reads数量 raw reads number	clean reads数量 clean reads number	effective reads比率/% effective reads rate	mapped reads比率/% mapped reads rate	Q30值/% Q30 value
CP1	35 712 930	35 296 318	98.83	90.73	96.50
CP2	37 844 028	37 452 406	98.97	91.96	96.64
CP3	27 544 192	27 214 006	98.80	90.38	96.49
LP1	92 183 032	91 109 188	98.84	90.50	96.45
LP2	42 804 962	42 312 850	98.85	90.39	95.96
LP3	45 779 040	45 150 742	98.63	86.46	91.29

信号通路 Signaling pathway	基因 Gene
神经活性配体-受体相互作用 Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction	DRD3↓/PMCH↓/PTGDR↑/GLRB↓/AVPR1A↑/THRB↓/ F2RL3↑/P2RY10↓/SYCP1↓/P2RY1↑/CHRNB4↓/GAL↓/ CHRNA3↓/APLNR↑
色氨酸代谢 Tryptophan metabolism	DDC↓/GCDH↑/ACMSD↑
类固醇激素的生物合成 Steroid hormone biosynthesis	SULT2B1↑/COMT↑
血管平滑肌收缩 Vascular smooth muscle contraction	PLA2G4↓/AVPR1A↑/ADCY8↓
昼夜节律 Circadian rhythm	RORC↑
昼夜节律调节 Circadian entrainment	KCNJ3↑
GnRH信号通路 GnRH signaling pathway	PLA2G4↓/ADCY8↓
RI3K-Akt信号通路 PI3K-Akt signaling pathway	MYB↓/DDIT4↑
mTOR信号通路 mTOR signaling pathway	RNF152↑/DDIT4↑

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