黄羽肉鸡GF33A系产蛋连产性状的遗传特性分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.05.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究连产性状的遗传特性并筛选适宜的指标改良肉种鸡繁殖性能。本研究以黄羽肉鸡GF33A系2个世代共计4 273只母鸡作为研究群体，以连产性状为研究对象，综合运用产蛋时间节点划分、遗传参数估计以及相对选择效率计算等方法，系统探究连产性状的遗传特性及其与产蛋数之间的遗传关系，进而筛选出用于改良产蛋数的连产性状选育指标。通过对产蛋率变化趋势的深入分析，划分出4个关键的产蛋时间节点，分别为35、43、51和63周龄。基于上述产蛋时间节点，定义了4个产蛋时期，并对这4个时期的连产性状进行遗传参数估计，同时计算它们与63周龄产蛋数的相对选择效率。结果显示，第一时期间歇次数(NP1)、第二时期连产次数(NC2)和第三时期连产次数(NC3)这3个指标具有较高的遗传力，与63周龄产蛋数的遗传关系强，且相对选择效率高。NP1、NC2和NC3可作为母鸡产蛋数选育的候选指标，通过负向选择的方式，间接实现全期产蛋数的改善，为肉种鸡繁殖性能的改良提供科学依据。

关键词: 肉种鸡, 连产性状, 产蛋数, 选育指标

Abstract:

The study aimed to explore the genetic characteristics of clutch traits and screen appropriate indicators to improve the reproductive performance of broiler breeders. In this study, a total of 4 273 hens from two generations of the Yellow-feathered broiler GF33A line were used as the research population, and the clutch traits were taken as the research object. By comprehensively applying methods such as the division of egg-laying time nodes, estimation of genetic parameters, and calculation of relative selection efficiency, the genetic characteristics of clutch traits and their genetic relationship with the egg number were systematically explored, and then the selection indicators of clutch traits for improving the egg number were screened out. Through an in-depth analysis of the changing trend of the egg-laying rate, 4 key egg-laying time nodes were divided, which were 35, 43, 51, and 63 weeks of age. Based on the above-mentioned egg-laying time nodes, 4 egg-laying periods were defined, and the genetic parameters of the clutch traits in these 4 periods were estimated. At the same time, the relative selection efficiency between these traits and the egg number at 63 weeks of age was calculated. The results showed that 3 indicators, namely the number of pauses in the first period (NP1), the number of clutches in the second period (NC2), and the number of clutches in the third period (NC3), had high heritability, a strong genetic relationship with the egg number at 63 weeks of age, and high relative selection efficiency. NP1, NC2, and NC3 can be used as candidate indicators for the selection of the egg number by hens. Through negative selection, the improvement of the egg number throughout the whole period can be indirectly achieved, providing a scientific basis for the improvement of the reproductive performance of broiler breeders.

Key words: broiler breeder, clutch traits, egg number, breeding indicators

中图分类号:

S831.2

朱涛, 余洋, 蔡日春, 陈智武, 赵桂苹, 崔焕先, 郑麦青. 黄羽肉鸡GF33A系产蛋连产性状的遗传特性分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(5): 2136-2147.

ZHU Tao, YU Yang, CAI Richun, CHEN Zhiwu, ZHAO Guiping, CUI Huanxian, ZHENG Maiqing. Analysis of the Genetic Characteristics of Clutch Traits in the GF33A Line of Yellow-feathered Broilers[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(5): 2136-2147.

图/表 5

表 1

图 1

表 2

产蛋性状描述性统计和遗传力估计"

性状 Trait	计数 N	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	变异系数/% CV	遗传力 h²	标准误 SE
第一时期产蛋数(EN1)/枚 Period 1 egg number	3 910	53.23	9.14	32.00	70.00	17.17	0.18	0.03
第一时期最大连产长度(MCL1)/d Period 1 maximum clutch length	3 885	15.41	7.68	2.00	41.00	49.86	0.16	0.03
第一时期总连产长度(TCL1)/d Period 1 total clutch length	3 860	51.64	9.88	27.00	70.00	19.13	0.17	0.03
第一时期连产次数(NC1)/次 Period 1 number of clutches	4 062	6.89	2.38	1.00	12.00	34.52	0.23	0.03
第一时期平均连产长度(ACL1)/d Period 1 average clutch length	3 699	6.82	2.60	2.00	14.75	38.10	0.19	0.03
第一时期最大产蛋间歇(MPL1)/d Period 1 maximum pause length	2 966	1.49	0.64	0.00	3.00	42.67	0.06	0.02
第一时期总产蛋间歇(TPL1)/d Period 1 total pause length	3 858	8.77	4.12	0.00	19.00	46.97	0.22	0.03
第一时期间歇次数(NP1)/次 Period 1 number of pauses	4 138	7.45	3.14	0.00	14.00	42.12	0.25	0.03
第一时期平均产蛋间歇(APL1)/d Period 1 average pause length	3 111	1.08	0.10	1.00	1.40	9.48	0.05	0.02
第二时期产蛋数(EN2)/枚 Period 2 egg number	3 893	99.66	10.89	73.00	125.00	10.92	0.23	0.03
第二时期最大连产长度(MCL2)/d Period 2 maximum clutch length	3 811	17.24	8.17	2.00	43.00	47.42	0.19	0.03
第二时期总连产长度(TCL2)/d Period 2 total clutch length	3 903	96.73	12.18	65.00	125.00	12.59	0.19	0.03
第二时期连产次数(NC2)/次 Period 2 number of clutches	4 157	14.25	4.22	4.00	25.00	29.62	0.35	0.03
第二时期平均连产长度(ACL2)/d Period 2 average clutch length	3 749	6.39	2.06	2.00	12.22	32.22	0.22	0.03
第二时期最大产蛋间歇(MPL2)/d Period 2 maximum pause length	2 883	1.82	0.57	1.00	3.00	31.15	0.07	0.03
第二时期总产蛋间歇(TPL2)/d Period 2 total pause length	3 902	18.69	7.00	1.00	36.00	37.46	0.26	0.03
第二时期间歇次数(NP2)/次 Period 2 number of pauses	4 144	16.11	5.41	4.00	30.00	33.59	0.33	0.03
第二时期平均产蛋间歇(APL2)/天 Period 2 average pause length	3 318	1.12	0.10	1.00	1.38	8.52	0.03	0.02
第三时期产蛋数(EN3)/枚 Period 3 egg number	3 924	142.34	13.76	106.00	177.00	9.67	0.28	0.03
第三时期最大连产长度(MCL3)/d Period 3 maximum clutch length	3 819	17.61	8.30	2.00	45.00	47.16	0.19	0.03
第三时期总连产长度(TCL3)/d Period 3 total clutch length	3 888	137.72	15.70	97.00	177.00	11.40	0.26	0.03
第三时期连产次数(NC3)/次 Period 3 number of clutches	4 093	23.08	5.66	9.00	37.00	24.53	0.40	0.04
第三时期平均连产长度(ACL3)/d Period 3 average clutch length	3 815	5.66	1.67	2.00	10.47	29.52	0.28	0.03
第三时期最大产蛋间歇(MPL3)/d Period 3 maximum pause length	3 457	2.48	0.92	1.00	5.00	37.24	0.07	0.02
第三时期总产蛋间歇(TPL3)/d Period 3 total pause length	3 880	31.69	10.25	5.00	56.00	32.34	0.30	0.03
第三时期间歇次数(NP3)/次 Period 3 number of pauses	4 110	27.04	7.72	8.00	46.00	28.55	0.36	0.03
第三时期平均产蛋间歇(APL3)/d Period 3 average pause length	3 400	1.14	0.09	1.00	1.38	8.13	0.06	0.02
63周龄产蛋数(EN63W)/枚Egg number of 63 weeks of age	3 923	201.86	20.67	150.00	258.00	10.24	0.29	0.03
第四时期最大连产长度(MCL4)/d Period 4 maximum clutch length	3 792	17.67	8.20	4.00	43.00	46.38	0.19	0.03
第四时期总连产长度(TCL4)/d Period 4 total clutch length	3 905	191.48	25.06	125.00	265.00	13.09	0.28	0.03
第四时期连产次数(NC4)/次 Period 4 number of clutches	4 072	37.89	7.76	19.00	57.00	20.47	0.39	0.03
第四时期平均连产长度(ACL4)/d Period 4 average clutch length	3 788	4.71	1.15	2.26	7.86	24.36	0.32	0.04
第四时期最大产蛋间歇(MPL4)/d Period 4 maximum pause length	3 220	3.59	2.14	1.00	12.00	59.66	0.08	0.03
第四时期总产蛋间歇(TPL4)/d Period 4 total pause length	3 955	59.38	17.34	14.00	104.00	29.19	0.33	0.04
第四时期间歇次数(NP4)/次 Period 4 number of pauses	4 090	47.44	11.33	19.00	75.00	23.87	0.37	0.03
第四时期平均产蛋间歇(APL4)/d Period 4 average pause length	3 521	1.20	0.13	1.00	1.60	10.62	0.10	0.02

表 2

表 3

表 4

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周龄 Week age	G07产蛋率/% Egg laying rate of seventh generation	G07拟合产蛋率/% Egg laying fitting rate of seventh generation	G08产蛋率/% Egg laying rate of eighth generation	G08拟合产蛋率/% Egg laying fitting rate of eighth generation
22	2.51	5.00		1.00
23	5.75	12.00		2.00
24	20.19	26.00		4.00
25	47.73	45.00		8.00
26	71.76	65.00	6.33	16.00
27	81.03	79.00	32.37	30.00
28	84.73	86.00	46.59	48.00
29	84.95	88.00	71.17	65.00
30	85.96	89.00	78.43	76.00
31	86.90	88.00	83.35	83.00
32	86.30	88.00	81.41	85.00
33	85.67	87.00	81.48	86.00
34	85.23	86.00	83.39	85.00
35	83.96	85.00	83.63	85.00
36	83.17	84.00	85.11	84.00
37	83.40	83.00	85.83	83.00
38	81.53	82.00	84.48	82.00
39	82.13	81.00	82.49	81.00
40	80.51	80.00	77.50	80.00
41	80.02	80.00	81.70	79.00
42	80.58	79.00	71.60	78.00
43	79.83	78.00	78.99	77.00
44	79.69	77.00	79.55	77.00
45	78.24	76.00	77.96	76.00
46	78.04	75.00	77.38	75.00
47	76.72	75.00	75.62	74.00
48	75.62	74.00	72.87	73.00
49	75.11	73.00	71.73	72.00
50	72.82	72.00	69.05	71.00
51	72.17	71.00	68.63	71.00
52	70.85	71.00	69.68	70.00
53	71.84	70.00	71.01	69.00
54	70.70	69.00	71.32	68.00
55	70.04	68.00	69.95	67.00
56	67.84	68.00	69.37	67.00
57	66.48	67.00	67.44	66.00
58	66.80	66.00	65.59	65.00
59	66.37	65.00	65.02	64.00
60	64.50	65.00	63.65	64.00
61	63.22	64.00	61.38	63.00
62	61.26	63.00	59.12	62.00
63	52.50	63.00	58.41	62.00

性状1 Trait1	性状2 Trait2	遗传相关(标准误) Genetic correlation(SE)	表型相关(标准误) Phenotypic correlation(SE)	相对选择效率 Relative selection efficiency
EN1	EN63W	0.69(0.06)	0.51(0.01)	0.54
MCL1	EN63W	0.67(0.06)	0.42(0.02)	0.50
TCL1	EN63W	0.72(0.06)	0.51(0.01)	0.55
NC1	EN63W	-0.77(0.04)	-0.42(0.02)	-0.68
ACL1	EN63W	0.80(0.04)	0.49(0.02)	0.65
MPL1	EN63W	-0.68(0.11)	-0.22(0.02)	-0.32
TPL1	EN63W	-0.74(0.04)	-0.46(0.02)	-0.65
NP1	EN63W	-0.79(0.04)	-0.49(0.01)	-0.73
APL1	EN63W	-0.63(0.14)	-0.19(0.02)	-0.27
EN2	EN63W	0.85(0.03)	0.72(0.01)	0.75
MCL2	EN63W	0.72(0.05)	0.48(0.02)	0.58
TCL2	EN63W	0.85(0.03)	0.71(0.01)	0.68
NC2	EN63W	-0.86(0.02)	-0.59(0.01)	-0.94
ACL2	EN63W	0.89(0.02)	0.67(0.01)	0.78
MPL2	EN63W	-0.68(0.1)	-0.30(0.02)	-0.34
TPL2	EN63W	-0.87(0.02)	-0.68(0.01)	-0.82
NP2	EN63W	-0.88(0.02)	-0.67(0.01)	-0.93
APL2	EN63W	-0.58(0.16)	-0.23(0.02)	-0.17
EN3	EN63W	0.96(0.01)	0.87(0)	0.94
MCL3	EN63W	0.70(0.05)	0.49(0.02)	0.57
TCL3	EN63W	0.95(0.01)	0.86(0)	0.91
NC3	EN63W	-0.89(0.02)	-0.62(0.01)	-1.04
ACL3	EN63W	0.94(0.01)	0.76(0.01)	0.91
MPL3	EN63W	-0.75(0.07)	-0.39(0.02)	-0.38
TPL3	EN63W	-0.93(0.01)	-0.81(0.01)	-0.95
NP3	EN63W	-0.93(0.01)	-0.76(0.01)	-1.04
APL3	EN63W	-0.42(0.12)	-0.28(0.02)	-0.19
EN63W	EN63W	1.00	1.00	1.00
MCL4	EN63W	0.71(0.05)	0.49(0.02)	0.57
TCL4	EN63W	0.99(0)	0.97(0)	0.97
NC4	EN63W	-0.86(0.03)	-0.46(0.01)	-1.00
ACL4	EN63W	0.95(0.01)	0.76(0.01)	1.00
MPL4	EN63W	-0.62(0.08)	-0.38(0.02)	-0.33
TPL4	EN63W	-0.94(0.01)	-0.89(0)	-1.00
NP4	EN63W	-0.94(0.01)	-0.72(0.01)	-1.06
APL4	EN63W	-0.55(0.08)	-0.43(0.02)	-0.32

	NP1	NC2	NC3	EN63W
NP1	0.25	0.95	0.91	-0.79
NC2	0.78	0.35	0.99	-0.86
NC3	0.67	0.93	0.40	-0.89
EN63W	-0.49	-0.59	-0.62	0.29

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