全基因组重测序在中国地方黄牛上的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.05.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着高通量测序技术的快速发展和基因组研究水平的逐步深入，越来越多畜禽的基因组信息被公开，极大地推动了家畜重要经济性状在全基因水平上的研究。全基因组重测序技术被广泛运用于基因组选择、群体结构解析、遗传多样性评估、进化机制研究等领域，特别是在揭示由基因组序列变异如何影响经济性状方面表现出重要价值。本文旨在综述全基因组重测序技术在地方黄牛群体遗传结构、遗传多样性、起源进化、适应性性状和重要经济性状等研究中的应用进展，为地方黄牛种质资源的改良和保护提供了重要参考。

关键词: 中国地方黄牛, 全基因组重测序, 群体遗传结构, 经济性状, 遗传多样性

Abstract:

With the rapid advancement of high-throughput sequencing technologies and the deepening of genomic research, an increasing number of genomic data from livestock and poultry have been made publicly available, significantly enhancing the study of important economic traits at the whole-genome level. Whole-genome resequencing technology is extensively utilized in genomic selection, population structure analysis, genetic diversity assessment, and evolutionary mechanism studies, particularly demonstrating significant value in elucidating how genomic sequence variations influence economic traits. This article aims to review the application progress of whole-genome resequencing technology in the study of genetic structure, genetic diversity, origin and evolution, adaptive traits, and important economic traits in local yellow cattle populations, providing crucial references for the improvement and conservation of local yellow cattle genetic resources.

Key words: Chinese indigenous yellow cattle, whole genome resequencing, population genetic structure, economic traits, genetic diversity

中图分类号:

S823.2

王勤倩, 高振东, 陆颖, 马若珊, 邓卫东, 和晓明. 全基因组重测序在中国地方黄牛上的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(5): 2026-2037.

WANG Qinqian, GAO Zhendong, LU Ying, MA Ruoshan, DENG Weidong, HE Xiaoming. Research Progress of Whole Genome Resequencing in Chinese Indigenous Cattle[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(5): 2026-2037.

图/表 1

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测序技术 Sequencing technology	测序平台 Sequencing platform	优点 Advantage	不足 Deficiency
第一代测序技术First generation sequencing technology	Applied Biosystems	测序准确性高	耗时、成本高和通量低
第二代测序技术Next generation sequencing technology	Roche 454、Illumina、Applied Biosystems SOLiD、Ion Torrent测序平台	可同时对数百万个DNA片段进行快速测序，全面了解基因组结构、遗传变异、基因表达谱和表观遗传修饰。具有高通量、低成本、覆盖度和精确度高的特点^[42]。	第二代测序的单个读段长度通常较短，这导致在复杂区域如重复序列或高GC含量区域基因组拼接困难。
第三代测序技术Third generation sequencing technology	PacBio RS平台是由Pacific Biosciences公司开发。纳米孔测序技术由Oxford Nanopore Technologies公司开发。	可以实现10 kb以上的长读长，这可以克服全基因组重复和结构变异检测等问题。	第三代技术目前的局限性是读数的准确性^[43]。

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