氟通过自噬和铁死亡途径诱发肉鸡小肠氧化损伤

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.01.040

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着人类工业、农业的不断发展，越来越多的氟化物通过饮水、药物、农药和杀菌剂进入生产生活和环境中，会对生活在相应地区的动物产生不利影响。为了探讨氟中毒导致肉鸡小肠损伤的相关作用，本研究通过氟化物饮食暴露建立动物试验模型进行后续验证。试验按照饲料中氟化钠暴露剂量水平分为对照组C(0 mg·kg^-1)、低剂量氟组L(500 mg·kg^-1)、中剂量氟组M(1 000 mg·kg^-1)和高剂量氟组H(2 000 mg·kg^-1)，分别处理肉鸡6周，分析氟化物暴露对肉鸡小肠的影响。结果显示：随着氟化钠暴露浓度的增加，Nrf2增加(P < 0.001)，Keap1减少(P < 0.001)，HO-1减少(P < 0.001)，NQO1在高浓度组降低(P < 0.01)，Nrf2/HO-1通路被激活，但其下游抗氧化酶减少，提示发生了氧化应激；p-AKT和p-mTOR蛋白表达量显著升高(P < 0.001)，最后恢复正常甚至减少(P < 0.05)，而PI3K显著降低(P < 0.001)，提示PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路磷酸化被抑制；Beclin-1显著增加(P < 0.001)，ATG12变化不显著，LC3蛋白表达量显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)，提示自噬体加速形成和自噬流活化，p62蛋白与自噬底物蛋白结合，含量减少(P < 0.001)，表明自噬通路未受阻。同时FTH1降低(P < 0.01)，NCOA4升高(P < 0.01)，储铁蛋白降解释放出二价铁离子；ASCL4和ALOX12蛋白表达量升高(P < 0.01)，促进脂质过氧化过程；SLC7A11和GPX4蛋白表达量显著降低(P < 0.001)，细胞清除脂质过氧化物能力降低，易发生铁死亡。综上，氟化钠会干扰Nrf2-Keap1抗氧化途径，导致氧化应激，也会激活自噬，最终导致肉鸡小肠发生铁死亡。

关键词: 氟化钠, 鸡, 小肠, 氧化应激, 细胞自噬, 铁死亡

Abstract:

With the continuous development of industrial and agriculture, more and more fluoride enters the production, life and environment through drinking water, medicines, pesticides and fungicides, which may have adverse effects on animals living in the area. In order to explore the related effects of fluoride poisoning on small intestinal injury in broilers, we established an animal experimental model through fluoride diet exposure for subsequent verification. Broilers were divided into control group C (0 mg·kg^-1), low-dose fluoride group L (500 mg·kg^-1), medium dose fluoride group M (1 000 mg·kg^-1) and high-dose fluoride group H (2 000 mg·kg^-1) according to the exposure dose level of sodium fluoride in feed. The effects of fluoride exposure on small intestine of broilers were analyzed. With the increase of sodium fluoride exposure concentration, Nrf2 increased (P < 0.001), Keap1 decreased (P < 0.001), HO-1 decreased (P < 0.001), and NQO1 decreased in the high concentration group (P < 0.01). The Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was activated, but its downstream antioxidant enzymes decreased, suggesting the oxidative stress may occur; the protein expression of p-AKT and p-mTOR increased significantly (P < 0.001), and finally returned to normal or even decreased (P < 0.05), while PI3K decreased significantly (P < 0.001), suggesting that the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was inhibited; Beclin-1 was significantly increased (P < 0.001), ATG12 was not significantly changed, and LC3 protein was significantly higher than the C group (P < 0.05), indicating the autophagosomes formation and autophagy flow were accelerated, p62 protein combined with autophagy substrate protein (P < 0.001), and the content decreased, indicating the authay pathway was not blocked. At the same time, FTH1 decreased (P < 0.01), NCOA4 increased (P < 0.01), and ferrous ions were released from the degradation of ferritin; ASCL4 and ALOX12 protein increased (P < 0.01), which promoted the lipid peroxidation process; SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein significantly decreased (P < 0.001), and the ability of scavenging lipid peroxide was reduced, which was prone to ferroptosis. Sodium fluoride interfered with the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, leading to oxidative stress, also activate autophagy and ultimately lead to ferroptosis in the small intestine of broilers.

Key words: sodium fluoride, chicken, small intestine, oxidative stress, autophagy, ferroptosis

中图分类号:

S856.9

王艺, 侯露露, 方菲, 高林英, 谢淑敏, 王雨. 氟通过自噬和铁死亡途径诱发肉鸡小肠氧化损伤[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(1): 442-454.

WANG Yi, HOU Lulu, FANG Fei, GAO Linying, XIE Shumin, WANG Yu. Fluoride Induced Small Intestine Oxidative Damage in Broilers via Autophagy and Ferroptosis[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(1): 442-454.

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基因 Gene	登录号 Accession No.	正向序列(5′→3′) Forward sequence	反向序列(5′→3′) Reverse sequence
β-actin	NM_205518.2	CCGCTCTATGAAGGCTACGC	CTCTCGGCTGTGGTGGTGAA
ACSL4	XM_046917350.1	CCGTTGTTATCTTCTGCGAGACC	ACGCTCCACATTCATTGAGACCATAG
FTH1	NM_205086.2	AGAATGTGAACCAGTCGCTGTTAGAG	TGCTTGATGGCTTTCACCTGCTC
GPX4	NM_204220.3	GCTGTGGAAGTGGCTGAAGGAG	TTGGCCCTCACGGTTGATAAGAAAC
SLC7A11	XM_040670527.2	AACTGCTGGTTATTCGCCCTG	AAGCCAGCAACTACCAGTCCA
AKT	XM_046917866.1	AGGAGGAAGAGATGATGGAT	GAATGGATGCCGTGAGTT
ATG5	XM_046914043.1	GGCACCGACCGATTTAGT	GCTGATGGGTTTGCTTTT
ATG12	XM_046936147.1	GGGACCCTCTATGAGTGTTTTGG	AAGACCACACCTCAGCAACTC
Beclin-1	NM_001006332.1	CGACTGGAGCAGGAAGAAG	TCTGAGCATAACGCATCTGG
mTOR	XM_417614.7	GCTTATGGCACGGTGTTTCC	GCGATCATGCTCTGTTGCAG
p62	XM_040682727.2	GTTAATCCTCTGCGTGTGA	AAGAAGAATCGGTGTGCTAA
NQO1	NM_001277620.2	CGCACCCTGAGAAAACCTCT	TTCTTGAGGGGTCCGGTGAT
HO-1	XM_046921508.1	GTCGTTGGCAAGAAGCATCC	GGGCCTTTTGGGCGATTTTC
Nrf2	XM_046943490.1	CAGGGCAATGCTAGTGTGTACTCATC	AGGGTCTTTCTTTGGTGTGTTCATACG

抗体信息Antibody	稀释率Dilution	来源Source
β-actin	1∶2 000	Abclonal Technology, China
ALOX12	1∶500	Boster, China
GPX4	1∶500	Boster, China
NCOA4	1∶500	Boster, China
FTH1	1∶500	Boster, China
AKT	1∶500	Wanleibio, China
ATG12	1∶500	Wanleibio, China
Beclin-1	1∶500	Wanleibio, China
LC3	1∶500	Wanleibio, China
mTOR	1∶500	Wanleibio, China
PI3K	1∶500	Wanleibio, China
P62	1∶500	Wanleibio, China
Nrf2	1∶500	Wanleibio, China
Keap1	1∶500	Wanleibio, China
NQO1	1∶500	Wanleibio, China
HO-1	1∶500	Wanleibio, China

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