香芹酚对肉兔生长性能、养分表观消化率及肠道形态、短链脂肪酸含量和菌群相关指标的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.10.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在研究香芹酚对肉兔生长性能、养分表观消化率、肠道形态结构、短链脂肪酸、肠道菌群结构和肠道菌群代谢通路的影响。选取160只35日龄健康伊拉肉兔，随机分为4组，每组40个重复，每个重复1只，对照组（CON组）饲喂基础饲粮，试验组（T1、T2、T3组）分别饲喂含有100、200和300 g·t^-1香芹酚的试验饲粮。预试期5 d，正试期28 d。结果表明：1）与CON组相比，T1和T2组肉兔平均日增重和平均日采食量均显著提高（P<0.05），T1组的腹泻频率和死亡率显著降低（P<0.05），T1组的末重显著提高（P<0.05）。2） T1、T2和T3组的粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于CON组（P<0.05）。3） T1、T2和T3组的回肠绒毛高度和黏膜厚度较CON组显著升高（P<0.05），且T1和T2组的回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值显著高于CON组（P<0.05）。4） T1组盲肠中的丁酸含量显著高于CON组（P<0.05）。5） T1、T2和T3组的盲肠中厚壁菌门和颤螺菌属的相对丰度较CON组显著升高（P<0.05），T1、T2和T3组的拟杆菌门相对丰度较CON组显著降低（P<0.05）。6）与CON组相比，T1组盲肠菌群代谢通路的类固醇激素合成、糖胺聚糖的降解、次生胆汁酸合成、初级胆汁酸合成、泛素酮等萜类醌的生物合成、N-聚糖合成和酮体的合成与降解显著上调（P<0.05），鞘脂类代谢和脂多糖合成显著下调（P<0.05）。综上说明，饲粮中添加香芹酚能够提高肉兔的生长性能和养分表观消化率，改善回肠形态结构，增加盲肠中丁酸的含量，改善盲肠菌群结构并对盲肠菌群的代谢通路有正向调节作用。在本试验条件下，综合香芹酚对肉兔的影响，推荐香芹酚添加量为100 g·t^-1。

关键词: 香芹酚, 肉兔, 生长性能, 养分表观消化率, 肠道形态, 短链脂肪酸, 肠道菌群结构

Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of carvacrol on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, short-chain fatty acids content, gut microbiota structure, and metabolic pathways of gut microbiota in meat rabbits. A hundred and sixty 35-day-old healthy rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, each with 40 replicates and one rabbit per replicate. The control group (CON group) was fed with basal diet, and the treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3 groups) were fed with basal diets containing 100, 200 and 300 g·t^-1 carvacrol, respectively. The pre-test period was 5 days, and the test period was 28 days. The results showed that:1) Compared with the CON group, the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of rabbits in T1 and T2 groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), diarrhea frequency and mortality were significantly reduced in the T1 group (P<0.05), the final weight of T1 group was significantly increased (P<0.05). 2) The apparent digestibility of crude protein in T1, T2 and T3 groups were significantly higher than that in CON group (P<0.05). 3) Compared with CON group, T1, T2 and T3 groups had significantly higher ileal villus height and mucosal thickness (P<0.05), and the villus height to crypt depth raito of ileum in T1 and T2 groups were significantly higher than that in CON group (P<0.05). 4) The cecal butyric acid content in T1 group was significantly higher than that in CON group (P<0.05). 5) The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Oscillospira in cecum of T1, T2 and T3 groups were significantly higher than those of CON group (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in T1, T2 and T3 groups were significantly lower than that in CON group (P<0.05). 6) Compared with the CON group, the steroid hormone synthesis, degradation of glycosaminoglycans, synthesis of secondary bile acids, primary bile acid synthesis, biosynthesis of terpenoid quinones such as ubiquitin ketone, N-glycan synthesis, ketone body synthesis and degradation of cecal microbiota metabolic pathways in the T1 group were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05), sphingolipid metabolism and lipopolysaccharide synthesis were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary carvacrol can improve the growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility, promote the morphology and structure of ileum, increase the content of butyric acid in cecum, improve the structure of cecum flora, and positively regulate the metabolic pathways of cecum flora in rabbits. Under the conditions of this experiment, considering the effects of carvacrol on rabbits, the recommended amount of carvacrol added is 100 g·t^-1.

Key words: carvacrol, rabbit, performance of growth, apparent nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, short-chain fatty acids, structure of gut microbiota

中图分类号:

S829.1

武殿阁, 夏苗, 颜安, 江皓天, 樊佳奇, 周思源, 韦旭, 刘树栋, 陈宝江. 香芹酚对肉兔生长性能、养分表观消化率及肠道形态、短链脂肪酸含量和菌群相关指标的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(10): 4233-4246.

WU Diange, XIA Miao, YAN An, JIANG Haotian, FAN Jiaqi, ZHOU Siyuan, WEI Xu, LIU Shudong, CHEN Baojiang. Effects of Carvacrol on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, Intestinal Morphology, Short-chain Fatty Acids Content and Intestinal Flora in Rabbits[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(10): 4233-4246.

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