不同氨气浓度对肉牛生产性能、免疫和抗氧化能力的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2020.11.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在研究不同氨气浓度对肉牛生产性能、免疫和抗氧化能力的影响。选取16头初始体重为（220±5）kg的健康秦川母牛，随机分为4组饲养于4个环控舱内，每组4个重复，每头牛为1个重复。将氨气浓度分别设置为<5（对照组）、（15±3）、（30±3）和（45±3）mg·m^-3。预试期为10 d，试验期为30 d。试验期间记录生产性能（日增重、日采食量和料重比），并于试验第1、15和30天颈静脉采集血清样本，检测肉牛血液生化指标、免疫球蛋白、细胞因子和抗氧化酶活性。结果表明：1）与对照组相比，氨气浓度为30 mg·m^-3时显著降低了肉牛平均日增重（ADG），平均日采食量（ADFI）在所有氨气处理组均显著下降（P<0.05），而料重比（F/G）在氨气浓度为15和30 mg·m^-3时显著上升（P<0.05）。2）氨气浓度达到45 mg·m^-3时显著增加了血清肌酐、尿素氮、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶含量（P<0.05），而与对照组相比，血氨含量在所有处理组均显著增加，表明氨气暴露对肉牛的肝、肾功能造成了损伤。3）各氨气处理组均显著降低了免疫球蛋白A含量（P<0.05），而免疫球蛋白M含量在氨气浓度为30和45 mg·m^-3时显著下降（P<0.05），但免疫球蛋白G含量在各组间无显著差异（P>0.05），白细胞介素6含量在氨气浓度为30和45 mg·m^-3时显著上升，而白细胞介素4含量在45 mg·m^-3时显著上升（P<0.05），γ-干扰素含量在氨气浓度为30和45 mg·m^-3时显著降低（P<0.05），表明氨气暴露引发了肉牛的炎症反应。4）氨气浓度在30和45 mg·m^-3时显著降低了血清总抗氧化能力，在45 mg· m^-3时显著降低了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性（P<0.05），丙二醛含量在30 mg·m^-3时显著增加（P<0.05）；但血清超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性在各处理组间无明显差异（P>0.05）。综上所述，过量氨气暴露降低了肉牛的生长性能，并对肉牛的免疫和抗氧化能力产生了不利影响。

关键词: 肉牛, 氨气, 生产性能, 免疫, 抗氧化能力

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different ammonia concentration on production performance, immunity and antioxidant capacity of beef cattle. In this study, 16 healthy Qinchuan cows with an initial weight of (220±5) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 1 cattle per replicate.Treated with ammonia at concentrations of<5 (control), (15±3), (30±3) and (45±3) mg·m^-3, respectively. The advanced experiment period was 10 days and the formal period was 30 days. During the trial period, the production performance was recorded(ADG,ADFI and F/G), and serum samples were collected from the jugular vein at day 1, 15, 30. Then the biochemical indicators, immune globulin,cytokines and antioxidant enzymes activities were measured.The results showed as follows:1) Compared with the control group, average daily gain (ADG) significantly decreased when ammonia concentration was 30 mg·m^-3, and average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly decreased in all ammonia treatment groups (P<0.05), and feed∶gain (F/G) increased significantly when ammonia concentration was 15 and 30 mg· m^-3 (P<0.05). 2) The content of serum CRE、BUN、ALT、AST and LDH were significantly increased when the ammonia concentration was 45 mg·m^-3 (P<0.05), and the An content increased significantly in all ammonia treatment groups compared with the control group, indicating that ammonia exposure caused damage to liver and kidney function of cattle. 3) The immunoglobulin A (IgA) level was significantly reduced in each ammonia treatment group (P<0.05), the content of IgM was significantly decreased when the ammonia concentration was 30 and 45 mg· m^-3 (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in IgG content among the groups (P>0.05). Ammonia exposure significantly increased the levels of IL-6 at 30 and 45 mg·m^-3， and IL-4 content was significantly increased at 45 mg· m^-3 (P<0.05), IFN-γ content was significantly reduced at 30 and 45 mg· m^-3 (P<0.05), thus inducing an inflammatory response of beef cattle. 4) Ammonia exposure significantly decreased T-AOC activity at 30 and 45 mg· m^-3 and GSH-Px activity was significantly decreased at 45 mg· m^-3 (P<0.05)， MDA content significantly increased at 30 mg· m^-3 (P<0.05);No significant difference was observed in the serum SOD and CAT activities in each group (P>0.05). In summary, this study suggested that excessive ammonia exposure reduced growth performance, impaired immunity and antioxidant capacity of beef cattle.

Key words: beef cattle, ammonia, growth performance, immune, antioxidant capacity

中图分类号:

S823.92

刘明, 张磊, 安小鹏, 张恩平, 宋宇轩. 不同氨气浓度对肉牛生产性能、免疫和抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2020, 51(11): 2757-2764.

LIU Ming, ZHANG Lei, AN Xiaopeng, ZHANG Enping, SONG Yuxuan. Effects of Different Ammonia Concentrations on Growth Performance, Immunity and Antioxidant Capacity of Beef Cattle[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(11): 2757-2764.

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