不同蛋白水平代乳粉对羔羊肠道健康的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在探究不同蛋白水平代乳粉对羔羊腹泻率、血清免疫指标、肠道器官指数及形态学、小肠微生物区系的影响。试验选取48只遗传背景一致、初生重(4.34±0.15 kg)相近、健康无疾病的3日龄东佛里生羊×湖羊级杂二代公羔，采用单因素试验设计，随机分为4组，分别为低蛋白水平组(L组，22%蛋白组)、中低蛋白水平组(ML组，24%蛋白组)、中高蛋白水平组(MH组，26%蛋白组)、高蛋白水平组(H组，28%蛋白组)。预饲期5 d后开展正式试验，饲养54 d后进行屠宰性能测定与试验样品采集。结果表明：1)MH组、H组腹泻率极显著高于ML组和L组(P<0.01)；2)MH组和H组血清免疫指标IL-2水平显著高于L组(P<0.05)，IgA、IgG、IgM、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)；3)肠道器官指数各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)；4)MH组十二指肠隐窝深度极显著深于L组和ML组(P<0.01)，L组、ML组绒毛高度比隐窝深度极显著高于MH组、H组(P<0.01)；5)空肠16S rRNA测序结果显示各组Alpha多样性无显著差异(P>0.05)。在门水平上，H组放线菌门相对丰度显著低于L组和ML(P<0.05)；在属水平上，H组毛螺菌科NK3A20群相对丰度显著高于L组和ML组(P<0.05)。综上所述：代乳粉蛋白质水平超过24%时，会增加羔羊腹泻率及血清IL-2水平、降低十二指肠绒毛高度比隐窝深度；蛋白水平达到28%时，肠道有益菌放线菌门相对丰度降低。因此，在本研究试验条件下，认为代乳粉蛋白水平不超过24%更有利于羔羊肠道健康。

关键词: 羔羊, 代乳粉, 蛋白质, 肠道健康

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of milk replacer with different protein levels on the diarrhea rate, serum immunity indices, intestinal organ indices and morphology, and small intestinal microbiota in lambs. Forty-eight healthy second-generation 3-day-old male lambs of East Friensian Sheep×Hu sheep crossbreeds with same genetic background and birth weight (4.34±0.15 kg) were selected and randomly divided into four groups by a one-way experimental design, namely, low protein level milk replacer group (L-Group, 22% protein group), the medium-low protein level milk replacer group (ML-Group, 24% protein group), the medium-high protein level milk replacer group (MH-Group, 26% protein group), and the high-protein level milk replacer group (H-Group, 28% protein group). The formal test was carried out after 5 d of pre-test feeding period, and slaughter performance measurement and test sample collection were conducted after 54 d of feeding. The results showed that: 1) The rate of diarrhea in the MH and H groups were extremely significantly higher than that in the ML and L group (P<0.01). 2) The concentration of IL-2 in MH and H groups were significant higher than that in L group (P<0.05), the concentration of IgA, IgG, IgM, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β didn’t present significant differences (P>0.05). 3) There was no significant difference in intestinal organ index (P>0.05). 4) The depth of duodenal crypt in MH group was significantly deeper than that in L and ML groups (P<0.01).The ratio of villi height to crypt depth in L and ML groups was dramatically higher than that in MH and H groups (P<0.01). 5) Sequencing of jejunal 16S rRNA showed that there was no significant difference in alpha diversity among groups (P>0.05). At the phylum level, the Actinobacteriota relative abundance of H group was significantly lower than that of L and ML groups (P<0.05). At the genus level, the Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group relative abundance of H group was significantly higher than that of L and ML groups (P<0.05). In summary: milk replacer protein levels exceeding 24% increased the rate of diarrhea and serum IL-2 levels in lambs, and decreased the ratio of duodenal villi height to crypts depth, and the relative abundance of the beneficial intestinal bacterium Actinobacteria phylum was reduced when the protein level reached 28%. Therefore, under the experimental conditions of this study, it was concluded that milk replacer protein levels not exceeding 24% were more favorable to the intestinal health of lambs.

Key words: lamb, milk replacer, protein, intestinal health

中图分类号:

S826.5

张晓宇, 刘进亿, 褚婷婷, 楚翼健, 牛晨, 武自宪, 张磊, 宋宇轩. 不同蛋白水平代乳粉对羔羊肠道健康的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(9): 4507-4518.

ZHANG Xiaoyu, LIU Jinyi, CHU Tingting, CHU Yijian, NIU Chen, WU Zixian, ZHANG Lei, SONG Yuxuan. Effects of Different Protein Levels of Milk Replacer on the Intestinal Health of Lambs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4507-4518.

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