影像学技术在犬猫常见心脏疾病诊断中的应用

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

心脏病已成为犬猫死亡的主要原因之一。影像技术，凭借其无创、便捷和高分辨率的显著优势被广泛应用于心脏病的临床诊疗中。然而，相较于人类，目前犬猫心脏影像检查仍以X线和超声为主，犬猫心脏成像技术发展较缓。为动物心脏病诊断提供借鉴和指导，以及推动犬猫心脏疾病动物模型的发展为人类心脏病诊疗提供临床前研究基础，本文综述了犬猫常见心脏病的影像学诊断新技术应用进展、特点和难点，并对其发展方向进行展望。

关键词: 犬, 猫, 心脏病, 磁共振成像, 超声心动图

Abstract:

Heart diseases have become a primary cause of mortality in dogs and cats. Imaging technologies, with notable advantages of non-invasiveness, convenience, and high resolution, have been extensively employed in diagnosing and treating cardiac diseases, However, when compared to humans, X-ray and ultrasound imaging still represent the predominant techniques for cardiac imaging in dogs and cats, with the development of cardiac imaging technologies for these species progressing relatively slowly. To contribute insights and guidance for diagnosing cardiac diseases in animals, and to drive the advancement of animal models for canine and feline heart diseases, thereby offering a preclinical research foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of human heart diseases, this article explores recent advances in using novel imaging techniques to diagnose common cardiac diseases in dogs and cats, offering an understanding of potential future developments.

Key words: canines, felines, heart diseases, magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiograpy

中图分类号:

姜林, 张耀辉, 黎静, 张晓晶. 影像学技术在犬猫常见心脏疾病诊断中的应用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(5): 2103-2111.

JIANG Lin, ZHANG Yaohui, LI Jing, ZHANG Xiaojing. Application of Imaging Techniques in the Diagnosis of Common Cardiac Diseases in Dogs and Cats[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(5): 2103-2111.

图/表 3

图 1

表 1

犬扩张性心肌病诊断参数[29]"

诊断参数 Diagnostic parameter	作用 Function	诊断准确性 Diagnostic accuracy	证据可信度 Confidence in evidence
球形指数 Index of sphericity	评估心室形状异常 Assess ventricular shape abnormalities	不明确 Not specified	低 Low
E点与室间隔的距离 Separation of point E from the septum	反映心室收缩功能 Reflecting ventricular systolic function	不明确 Not specified	低 Low
心肌肌钙蛋白 Ⅰ ICardiac troponin Ⅰ	心肌损伤的敏感指标 Biomarker for myocardial damage	不明确 Not specified	低 Low
心房钠尿肽 Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP, NT-pro BNP, BNP, c-terminal BNP)	反映心室压力和容量的变化 Reflect changes in ventricular pressure and capacity	不明确 Not specified	低 Low
微小RNA的表达 Expression of microRNA	可能与心肌病发病机制相关 Potential biomarker for cardiac disease	不明确 Not specified	低 Low
双平面Simpson法 Biplane Simpson’s disc method	用于评估心室容积和功能 Assess ventricular volumes and ejection fraction	高 High	低 Low
二尖瓣环平面收缩偏移 Mitral annulus in plane of systolic agitation	测量二尖瓣环平面收缩偏移 Measures mitral annular plane systolic excursion	不明确 Not specified	低 Low
组织多普勒 Tissue Doppler	评估区域收缩同步性 Evaluates regional contraction synchrony	中等~高 Moderate to high	低 Low
心肌指数 Cardiac myocardial index	评估收缩和舒张功能 Evaluates systolic and diastolic function	中等 Moderate	低 Low
心电图 Electrocardiogram	检测心脏电活动 Records electrical activity of the heart	不明确 Not specified	低 Low
心率震荡 Heart rate turbulence	预测心脏事件风险 Predict the risk of cardiac events	不明确 Not specified	低 Low
心率变异性 Heart rate variability	反映自主神经调节功能 Reflect the function of autonomic nervous regulation	不明确 Not specified	低 Low

表 1

表 2

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分期 Staging	分期依据 Criteria	超声心动图特征 Ultrasound echocardiographic features
A	易患心肌病的品种猫，但没有心肌病的证据 Cats of breeds predisposed to cardiomyopathy but showing no evidence of cardiomyopathy	详细描述心脏形态和功能 Detailed description of cardiac morphology and function is required
B1	患有心肌病但没有临床症状的猫 Cats with cardiomyopathy but without clinical symptoms	监测中度至重度左心房扩大(进展到B2期)的发展 Monitoring for the development of moderate to severe left atrial enlargement (progression to B2 stage) is necessary
B2	即将发生CHF或ATE的风险较高的猫 Cats at high risk of impending CHF or ATE	监测疾病进展和临床症状发展，及其他风险因素 Monitoring for disease progression, development of clinical symptoms, and other risk factors is crucial
C	有CHF或ATE症状的猫，即使临床症状通过治疗得到缓解 Cats with symptoms of CHF or ATE, even if clinical symptoms are alleviated through treatment	如果检测到CHF症状对治疗无效，则分类为D期 If CHF symptoms are found to be unresponsive to treatment, the cat is classified as Stage D
D	有CHF症状的猫对治疗有抵抗性 Cats with CHF symptoms that are resistant to treatment	- -

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