紫花前胡苷对犬特应性皮炎的疗效分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.03.043

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

犬特应性皮炎(canine atopic dermatitis，CAD)是一种复杂的炎症性皮肤病，与皮肤微生物组、免疫和皮肤屏障改变有关。紫花前胡苷(nodakenin，NK)是一种具有抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化等作用的香豆素类糖苷。本研究旨在探究紫花前胡苷对2，4-二硝基甲苯(DNCB)诱导的犬特应性皮炎的干预效果以及皮肤菌群的影响。首先建立DNCB诱导的犬特应性皮炎，给与紫花前胡苷14 d局部涂抹治疗，通过体重指标、血常规检测、血清生化检测、血清免疫球蛋白E(immunoglobulin E，IgE)含量、皮肤病变和瘙痒程度以及皮肤菌群16S rRNA测序结果来评估紫花前胡苷治疗效果。结果显示：与DNCB组相比，经紫花前胡苷治疗后犬的体重明显上升，血常规指标中白细胞总数和中性粒细胞百分比显著提高(P＜0.05)，而血清生化相关指标无显著差异(P＞0.05)，血清中IgE含量显著下降(P＜0.05)，皮肤病变和瘙痒程度均显著改善(P＜0.01)。皮肤菌群中的α多样性和β多样性均存在显著差异(P＜0.05)，在门水平上，紫花前胡苷治疗后显著恢复了厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的相对丰度(P＜0.01)。在属水平上，紫花前胡苷治疗后显著增加了罗姆布茨菌属(Romboutsia)、狭义梭菌属(Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1)和土孢杆菌属(Terrisporobacter)的相对丰度(P＜0.01，P＜0.05)，显著降低了莫拉菌属(Moraxella)和葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)相对丰度(P＜0.05)。涂抹紫花前胡苷能够有效减轻犬皮损程度、缓解皮肤瘙痒情况、降低血清IgE含量以及调节皮肤菌群失衡，从而改善犬特应性皮炎的症状，为CAD的药物研发提供新思路。

关键词: 紫花前胡苷, 2，4-二硝基氯苯, 犬特应性皮炎, 皮肤菌群

Abstract:

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a complex inflammatory skin disease associated with alterations in the skin microbiota, immunity and skin barrier. Nodakenin is a coumarin glycoside with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the intervention effect of Nodakenin on 2, 4-dinitrotoluene (DNCB)-induced canine atopic dermatitis as well as the effect of skin microbiota. DNCB-induced canine atopic dermatitis was first established, and nodakenin was administered for 14 days as a topical application treatment. The effect of nodakenin treatment was assessed by body weight indexes, routine blood tests, serum biochemical tests, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, the degree of skin lesions and itching, and the results of 16S rRNA sequencing of skin microbiota. Compared with the DNCB group, the nodakenin group showed a significant increase in body weight, a significant increase in the total number of leukocytes and the percentage of neutrophils in the routine blood indexes (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the serum biochemical related indexes (P>0.05), a significant decrease in the serum IgE content (P < 0.05), and a significant improvement in the degree of skin lesions and itching (P < 0.01). There were significant differences in both alpha diversity and beta diversity in the skin microbiota (P < 0.05), and at the phylum level, the relative abundance of the thick-walled phylum Firmicutes was significantly restored after nodakenin treatment (P < 0.01). At the genus level, nodakenin treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Romboutsia, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Terrisporobacter (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Moraxella and Staphylococcus spp. relative abundance (P < 0.05). The application of nodakenin can effectively reduce the degree of skin lesions, alleviate itchy skin, reduce serum IgE levels, and regulate the imbalance of skin microbiota, thus improving the symptoms of canine atopic dermatitis and providing a new idea for drug development for CAD.

Key words: nodakenin, 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB), canine atopic dermatitis, skin microbiota

中图分类号:

S853.74

王子姣, 刘春晓, 李光玉. 紫花前胡苷对犬特应性皮炎的疗效分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(3): 1453-1464.

WANG Zijiao, LIU Chunxiao, LI Guangyu. Analysis of the Efficacy of Nodakenin in Canine Atopic Dermatitis[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(3): 1453-1464.

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参考文献 35

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病变程度 Lesion level	评分 Score
无明显变化 No significant change	0
红斑 Erythema	1
红斑、皮肤苔藓化或丘疹 Erythema, mossy skin or pimples	2
红斑、皮肤苔藓化和更严重反应 Erythema, mossy skin and more severe reactions	3

瘙痒程度 Itchiness	评分 Score
没有瘙痒 No itch	0
轻度瘙痒 Mild itch	1~2
中度瘙痒 Moderate itch	3~4
持续且剧烈瘙痒 Constant and intense itch	5

时间 Time	组别Group
时间 Time	Ctrl	DNCB	DNCB+NK
第0天Day 0	15.06±1.77	16.25±2.78	16.86±1.18
第7天Day 7	15.28±1.84	15.60±2.60	16.44±1.29
第14天Day 14	15.27±1.72	15.88±3.01	16.46±1.41
第21天Day 21	15.35±2.10	15.84±2.52	16.60±1.47

检测项目 Item	组别Group			参考范围 Reference scope
检测项目 Item	Ctrl	DNCB	DNCB+NK	参考范围 Reference scope
白细胞总数/(10⁹·L^-1) WBC	16.06±1.27	11.89±2.32^##	14.42±1.36^*	6.0~17.0
淋巴细胞数量/(10⁹·L^-1) LYM	2.13±0.65	1.65±1.05	1.89±0.20	1.0~4.8
单核细胞数量/(10⁹·L^-1) MON	1.20±0.42	0.99±0.29	1.21±0.24	0.2~1.5
中性粒细胞数量/(10⁹·L^-1) NEU	9.48±1.12	6.40±1.52^#	8.78±1.95	3~12
嗜酸性粒细胞数量/(10⁹·L^-1) EOS	0.95±0.31	0.78±0.18	0.84±0.38	0~0.9
嗜碱性粒细胞数量/(10⁹·L^-1) BAS	0.07±0.03	0.02±0.01	0.03±0.02	0~0.4
淋巴细胞百分比/% LYM	18.26±3.72	19.03±3.55	17.77±4.97	12~30
单核细胞百分比/% MON	8.40±1.93	9.96±1.88^##	9.78±1.88	3~14
中性粒细胞百分比/% NEU	74.32±6.27	61.02±5.13^#	68.09±6.26^*	60~80
嗜酸性粒细胞百分比/% EOS	6.37±0.49	6.03±2.07	6.56±2.59	0~10
嗜碱性粒细胞百分比/% BAS	0.38±0.06	0.18±0.05	0.21±0.08	少有
红细胞总数/(10¹²·L^-1) RBC	5.83±0.74	4.85±1.48	5.13±0.63	5.5~8.5
血红蛋白浓度/(g·L^-1) HGB	137.25±32.33	130.00±38.57	138.75±15.76	120~180
红细胞压积/% HCT	35.50±7.83	33.63±6.74	32.08±5.72	30~55
平均红细胞体积/fL MCV	68.25±1.23	68.50±2.15	68.80±0.14	60~77
平均红细胞血红蛋白含量/pg MCH	26.78±0.59	27.53±0.90	26.73±0.13	19.5~26.5
平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度/(g·L^-1) MCHC	385.25±12.28	386.25±5.32	391.50±6.45	310~390
红细胞体积分布宽度变异系/% RDWc	13.48±0.13	14.05±0.84	13.60±0.50	————
血小板总数/(10⁹·L^-1) PLT	284.67±109.71	203.75±51.60	240.50±62.78	165~500

检测项目 Item	组别Group
检测项目 Item	Ctrl	DNCB	DNCB+NK
丙氨酸氨基转氨酶/[nmol· (min·mL)^-1] ALT	3.41±0.81	3.32±1.25	3.65±1.09
天冬氨酸氨基转氨酶/[nmol· (min·mL)^-1] AST	1.58±0.76	1.51±1.24	1.45±0.77
肌酐/(μmol·L) ^-1 CRE	39.36±4.79	36.13±4.79	40.88±2.89
白蛋白/(g·L) ^-1 ALB	30.48±3.29	33.47±2.05	31.81±0.82
碱性磷酸酶/[μmol· (min·mL)^-1] AKP	0.55±0.06	0.28±0.01^##	0.33±0.09
葡萄糖/(mg·mL) ^-1 GLU	61.24±6.20	49.41±3.99^#	51.62±5.82
血中γ-谷氨酰转移酶/(U·L) ^-1 γ-GT	7.18±0.48	8.65±1.87	8.62±1.22
钙含量/(mmol·L) ^-1 Ca	2.57±0.13	2.62±0.13	2.60±0.04