熊果酸对肉鸡胸肌肉品质和木质化鸡胸肉的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.02.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在探究450 mg·kg^-1熊果酸(UA)对肉鸡胸肌肉品质的影响和探讨其对木质化鸡胸肉的可能作用机制。试验选取初始体重相近的艾拔益佳(AA)肉鸡120只为试验动物，随机分为2组，每组6个重复，每个重复10只鸡，一组饲喂基础日粮(CON组)，另一组饲喂基础日粮+450 mg·kg^-1熊果酸(UA组)。结果表明：1)UA显著降低木质化鸡胸肉的发病率且在轻微或中度的木质化鸡胸肉中的作用最为显著(P<0.05)。2)UA可改善肉鸡胸肌肉品质，表现为剪切力、黄度和滴水损失显著下降，但pH_45min显著上升(P<0.05)；3)组织切片观察结果显示，UA显著降低肌纤维直径、肌纤维横截面积和胶原容积比，显著提高肌纤维密度(P<0.01)；4)UA显著降低血清CK和HYP含量(P<0.01)，显著降低胸肌PFK、LDH活性，显著提高胸肌糖原含量(P<0.01)，但对血清GLU含量无显著影响(P>0.05)；5)UA不仅显著提高胸肌T-AOC水平、GSH-Px活性和降低MDA含量(P<0.05)，而且还能显著降低胸肌TNF-α、IL-6和TGF-β1含量(P<0.05)；6)在基因表达水平上，UA显著降低胸肌组织TGF-β1、IL-6、TNF-α、LDHA、PFK1、HIF-1α、PI3K、Akt1、P65基因的表达量(P<0.05)，显著提高Smad7基因的表达量(P<0.01)。综上所述，UA可抑制糖酵解，提高肌糖原含量，减少胸肌氧化应激和胸肌炎症对肉鸡造成的不良影响，改善了胸肌肉品质；UA能有效降低肉鸡木质化鸡胸肉的发病率，这一结果可能是UA通过抑制PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α信号通路和增强TGF-β1/Smads信号通路的负反馈调节作用所实现的。因此，在肉鸡基础日粮中添加450 mg·kg^-1 UA有望成为缓解木质化鸡胸肉发生的一种有效策略。

关键词: 鸡, 熊果酸, 肉品质, 木质化鸡胸肉, 氧化应激, 炎症反应, 缺氧诱导因子-1α

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 450 mg·kg^-1 ursolic acid(UA) on breast muscle quality of broilers and to explore its possible mechanism of action on wooden breast (WB). A total of 120 Arbor Acres (AA) broilers with similar initial body weight were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 10 chickens in each replicate. One group was fed a basal diet (CON group), and the other group was fed a basal diet added with 450 mg·kg^-1 UA (UA group). The results of this experiment showed that: 1) UA significantly reduced the incidence of wooden breast and had the most significant effect in slightly or moderately WB (P<0.05). 2) UA could improve the breast muscle quality of broilers, which showed a significant decrease in shear force, yellowness and drip loss, but a significant increase in pH_45min (P<0.05). 3) The results of tissue section observation showed that UA significantly reduced muscle fiber diameter, muscle fiber cross-sectional area and collagen volume ratio, and significantly increased muscle fiber density (P<0.01).4) UA significantly decreased the contents of CK and HYP in serum (P<0.01), significantly decreased the activities of PFK and LDH in breast muscle, and significantly increased the content of glycogen in breast muscle (P<0.01), but had no significant effect on the content of GLU in serum (P>0.05). 5) UA not only significantly increased T-AOC level, GSH-Px activity and decreased MDA content in breast muscle (P<0.05), but also significantly decreased the contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β1 in breast muscle (P<0.05). 6) At the gene expression level, UA significantly reduced the expression of TGF-β1, IL-6, TNF-α, LDHA, PFK1, PI3K, HIF-1α, Akt1, P65 genes in breast muscle tissue (P<0.05), and significantly increased the expression of Smad7 gene (P<0.01). In summary, UA can improve the quality of breast muscle in broilers, inhibit glycolysis, increase muscle glycogen content, reduce the adverse effects of oxidative stress and inflammation of breast muscle on broilers, and effectively reduce the incidence of WB in broilers. This result may be achieved by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway and enhancing the negative feedback regulation of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. Therefore, adding 450 mg·kg^-1 UA to the basal diet of broilers is expected to be an effective strategy to alleviate the occurrence of WB.

Key words: chicken, ursolic acid, meat quality, wooden breast, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α

中图分类号:

S831.5

张喜闻, 尹月, 李响, 王敏, 王永芳, 靳舒宁, 冯鑫辉, 赵玉蓉. 熊果酸对肉鸡胸肌肉品质和木质化鸡胸肉的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(2): 711-721.

ZHANG Xiwen, YIN Yue, LI Xiang, WANG Min, WANG Yongfang, JIN Shuning, FENG Xinhui, ZHAO Yurong. Effects of Ursolic Acid on Breast Meat Quality and Wooden Breast of Broilers[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(2): 711-721.

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原料Ingredient	阶段1 Phase 1 (d 1 to 21)	阶段2 Phase 2 (d 22 to 42)	营养水平^② Nutrient level	阶段1 Phase 1 (d 1 to 21)	阶段2 Phase 2 (d 22 to 42)
玉米Corn	54.32	57.28	代谢能/(MJ·kg^－1) ME	12.54	12.96
豆粕Soybean meal	37.35	33.68	蛋白质CP	21.50	19.52
大豆油Soybean oil	3.99	5.15	赖氨酸Lys	1.24	1.15
赖氨酸Lys	0.17	0.08	蛋氨酸Met	0.58	0.59
DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met	0.18	0.10	蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys	0.93	0.91
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	1.59	1.39	钙Ca	1.00	0.95
石粉Limestone	1.10	1.02	总磷TP	0.69	0.65
氯化钠NaCl	0.30	0.30	有效磷AP	0.47	0.41
预混料^① Premix	1.00	1.00
总计Total	100.00	100.00

体系成分System ingredient	体积/μL Volume	步骤Step	程序Procedure
2×SYBR Green Pro Taq HS Premix	5	步骤1 start 1	95℃预变性30 s
样本Template(cDNA)	1	步骤2 start 2	95℃变性10 s，60℃退火延伸30 s，循环40次
正向引物Primer F	0.4
反向引物Primer R	0.4
无酶水RNase free water	3.2

基因 Gene	序列(5′→3′) Sequence(5′→3′)	登录号 Accession number
TGF-β1	F: CGACACGCAGTACACCAAG R: CAGGCACGGACCACCATAT	NM_001318456.1
Smad2	F: AGGTGTGATGAAGCAGAAGTC R: GGAGTGAATGGCAGAATGGAT	XM_046934680.1
Smad7	F: CTACACCAGGCAGTTCATCAG R: AAGCAAGCACTCAGAAGGAAG	XM_046937385.1
Smad3	F: CATCCTGCCGTTCACCCCT R: GTGTGCCGGAGACATAGGAT	NM_204475.2
IL-1β	F: CAGAGATGGCGTTCGTTCC R: CTGTGGTGTGCTCAGAATCC	XM_015297469.3
IL-6	F: GAGGCGAATGTTGGTGGAA R: CAGCAGGTGTTGATGAATGTC	NM_204628.2
IL-10	F: CGCTGTCACCGCTTCTTCA R: GGCTCACTTCCTCCTCCTCAT	NM_001004414.4
TNF-α	F: GGACAGCCTATGCCAACAAGT R: CACCACACGACAGCCAAGT	XM_046927262.1
HIF-1α	F: TACTTCAGCAGACTCAGACA R: GACAGGAGATGATGGAACAAT	XM_040700544.2
PFK1	F: ACACCGCTCTCAACACCATCA R: CGCTTCACCGTCGTCTTCATC	NM_204223.2
LDHA	F: AAGACGCCGGCAGTACA R: TTCTCCTTCTTGCTGACGGG	NM_205284.2
Akt1	F: TTAGGAGGCGGTCCTGATGA R: TCTTGCCAAACAATGCCAGC	XM_052693855.1
P65	F: TGTACCTGCAGCCGGAAGT R: CTGAGCGCCCTTCACACTTA	NM_001396038.1
PI3K	F: CACCAGAATCAACTCGGCCT R: CCAGTGCACCGAGATTTCCT	XM_040683928.2
β-actin	F: TGCGTGACATCAAGGAGAAG R: TGCCAGGGTACATTGTGGTA	L08165

项目 Item	对照组 CON group	UA组 UA group	SEM	P值 P-value
水分/% Moisture	76.66	76.35	0.293	0.315
粗蛋白/% Crude protein	17.69	18.48	0.650	0.251
粗脂肪/% Crude fat	1.83	1.67	0.335	0.660
亮度L^*	58.47	58.07	1.691	0.816
红度a^*	9.06	9.03	0.689	0.959
黄度b^*	11.24	9.73	0.249	<0.01
pH_{45 min}	6.37	6.53	0.069	0.037
pH_{24 h}	5.95	6.02	0.065	0.317
剪切力/N Shearing force	20.33	14.27	1.362	<0.01
加压损失/% Pressure loss	35.21	35.15	0.964	0.055
滴水损失/% Dropping loss	2.02	1.22	0.798	<0.01

项目 Item		对照组 CON group	UA组 UA group	SEM	P值 P-value
血清 Serum	葡萄糖/(mmol·L^－1)GLU	11.30	11.14	0.218	0.468
	肌酸激酶/(U·mL^－1)CK	3.15	2.27	0.187	<0.01
	羟脯氨酸/(U·mL^－1)HYP	0.27	0.11	0.014	<0.01
胸肌 Breast muscle	糖原/(mmol·g^－1 prot) Gn	0.92	1.27	0.076	<0.01
	乳酸脱氢酶/(U·mg^－1) LDH	42.70	31.40	0.277	<0.01
	磷酸果糖激酶/(U·mg^－1) PFK	6.57	4.73	0.454	<0.01