鬼针草对感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫雏鸡肠道损伤、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.11.039

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.，B.pilosa)对感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E. tenella)雏鸡的盲肠损伤、免疫功能和氧化应激的影响。采用醇提取法制备鬼针草甲醇提取液(BP)。200只1日龄健康雄性雏鸡，常规饲养至10日龄时，挑选108只体重相近的雏鸡随机分为阴性对照(Control)组、阳性对照(Et)组、鸡球虫散(Chicken Coccidiosis Powder，CCP)组、1 mL·kg^-1 BP组、5 mL·kg^-1 BP组、10 mL·kg^-1 BP组。雏鸡14日龄时，除阴性对照组外其余5组每只鸡经口感染5×10⁴个E. tenella孢子化卵囊，按分组剂量进行治疗给药。21日龄时剖杀所有鸡只，采取盲肠组织制作病理组织切片；检测盲肠菌群、肠道屏障相关基因mRNA转录水平、免疫指标及氧化应激相关因子的变化。结果显示，与阳性对照组相比，10 mL·kg^-1 BP减少了盲肠寄生卵囊的数量、减轻盲肠病变及损伤；提高了盲肠乳酸杆菌的数量，显著降低了梭状芽胞杆菌和沙门菌的数量并恢复了盲肠菌群数量；显著升高了紧密连接蛋白1(ZO-1)、闭锁蛋白(Occludin)、闭合蛋白1(Claudin-1)、黏蛋白2(MUC-2)的mRNA转录水平以及血清中白细胞介素10(IL-10)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力，显著降低了白细胞介素2(IL-2)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果提示，该试验中10 mL·kg^-1 BP可以修复被E. tenella感染破坏的盲肠菌群多样性，提高感染雏鸡的免疫功能，减轻肠道损伤和氧化应激。

关键词: 鬼针草, 鬼针草甲醇提取液, 雏鸡, 柔嫩艾美耳球虫, 肠道损伤, 免疫和抗氧化功能

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Bidens pilosa L. (B.pilosa) on cecal injury, immune function and oxidative stress in chicks infected with E. tenella. Bidens pilosa methanol extract (BP) was prepared by alcohol extraction method. A total of 200 1-day-old healthy male chicks were randomly divided into negative control (Control) group, positive control (Et) group, Chicken Coccidiosis Powder (CCP) group, 1 mL·kg^-1 BP group, 5 mL·kg^-1 BP group and 10 mL·kg^-1 BP group. At the age of 14 days, except for the negative control group, each chick in the other five groups was infected with 5×10⁴ E. tenella sporulated oocysts, and were treated with different doses of medicine. All chicks were sacrificed at the age of 21 days, and cecal tissues were taken to make pathological sections of cecum; The changes of cecal flora, intestinal barrier related gene mRNA transcription level, immune indexes and oxidative stress related factors were detected. The results showed that compared with the positive control group, 10 mL·kg^-1 BP reduced the number of cecal parasitic oocysts, reduced cecal lesions and injuries; The number of Lactobacillus in cecum was increased, the number of Clostridium and Salmonella was significantly reduced, and the number of cecal flora was restored; The mRNA transcription levels of Zona Occludens 1 (ZO>-1), Occludin, Claudin-1, Mucin-2 (MUC-2), the contents of interleukin 10 (IL-10), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the activities of catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly increased, and the contents of interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly decreased. The results indicated that 10 mL·kg^-1 BP in this test could repair the damaged divesity of cecal flora caused by E. tenella infection, improve the immune function of infected chicks, and reduce intestinal injury and oxidative stress.

Key words: Bidens pilosa, Bidens pilosa methanol extract, chicks, Eimeria tenella, intestinal injury, immune and antioxidant functions

中图分类号:

S855.9

段思彰, 刘永宁, 单乙戈, 刘倩琳, 李翌琳, 安健, 张建军. 鬼针草对感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫雏鸡肠道损伤、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(11): 5826-5838.

DUAN Sizhang, LIU Yongning, SHAN Yige, LIU Qianlin, LI Yilin, AN Jian, ZHANG Jianjun. The Effect of Bidens pilosa on Intestinal Damage, Immune Function, and Antioxidant Capacity in Chicks Infected with Eimeria tenella[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(11): 5826-5838.

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基因 Gene	引物序列 Primer sequences	参考序列 Reference sequence
闭锁蛋白 Occludin	正向引物(F): 5′-CGCAGATGTCCAGCGGTTACT-3′ 反向引物(R): 5′-CAGAGCAGGATGACGATGAGGAA-3′	NM_205128.1
闭合蛋白1 Claudin 1	正向引物(F): 5′-TCTTCATCATTGCAGGTCTGTC-3′ 反向引物(R): 5′-TTAACGGGTGTGAAAGGGTC-3′	NM_001013611.2
紧密连接蛋白1 ZO-1	正向引物(F): 5′-CTTCAGGTGTTTCTCTTCCTCCTC-3′ 反向引物(R): 5′-CTGTGGTTTCATGGCTGGATC-3′	XM_040680624.2
黏蛋白2 MUC-2	正向引物(F): 5′-TCAGGCTCCACAGTATCAAC-3′ 反向引物(R): 5′-GTGGTAGGACTGTGCTTGTA-3′	XM_040673077.2
β-肌动蛋白 β-actin	正向引物(F): 5′-TCCCTGGAGAAGAGCTATGA-3′ 反向引物(R): 5′-ACAGGACTCCATACCCAAGA-3′	NM_205518.2

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