黄芪、淫羊藿、女贞子提取物和植物乳杆菌对高密度饲养条件下仔鹅生长的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.10.041

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在构建密度应激模型(每平米7只仔鹅)，研究黄芪、淫羊藿、女贞子提取物(Astragalus, Epimedium, and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, AEF)和植物乳杆菌(LP, lactobacillus plantarum)对仔鹅体重、免疫性能、抗氧化能力、肉质以及肠道形态和肠道屏障完整性的影响。选取同一批次42只1月龄马岗鹅随机分为6组：对照组(c组)、AEF处理组(aef组)、AEF和LP处理组(aef+lp组)、密度应激组(s组)、AEF和密度应激组(s+aef组)、AEF和LP和密度应激组(s+aef+lp组)。试验共30 d，aef组和s+aef组的仔鹅喂食0.1 g·mL^-1 AEF水溶剂，aef+lp组和s+aef+lp组分别喂食0.1 g·mL^-1 AEF和0.01 g·mL^-1的LP水溶剂，每日1次。结果表明，应激后单独添加AEF及添加AEF与LP可以缓解应激导致的体重降低，降低血清中皮质酮含量，降低炎症因子的表达。且在应激后添加AEF与LP使空肠中紧密连接蛋白Occludin基因的相对表达量显著增高。肠道形态结果表明，应激条件下仔鹅十二指肠、空肠的绒毛结构短且稀疏，绒毛高度与隐窝深度比例(Vh/Cd)显著降低，AEF和AEF+LP处理后增加了绒毛高度，提高了小肠的Vh/Cd。综上所述，饮水添加AEF和AEF+LP可增强仔鹅的体重、免疫性能与抗氧化能力，改善肠道健康。该结果为仔鹅预防应激提高仔鹅生长提供了新的思路。

关键词: 马岗鹅, 密度应激, 免疫性能, 抗氧化能力

Abstract:

This study aimed to establish a density stress model with a stocking density of 7 goslings per square meter. The effects of Astragalus, Epimedium, and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (AEF) extract and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on body weight, immune function, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, intestinal morphology, and intestinal barrier integrity of goslings were investigated. The same batch of 42 one-month-old Ma′gang goslings were randomly divided into six groups: control group (c group), AEF treatment group (aef group), AEF and LP treatment group (aef+lp group), density stress group (s group), AEF and density stress group (s+aef group), and AEF, LP, density stress group (s+aef+lp group). The experiment lasted for 30 days. Goslings in the aef and s+aef groups were fed with 0.1 g ·mL^-1 AEF water solvent, goslings in the aef+lp and s+aef+lp groups were fed with 0.1 g ·mL^-1 AEF and 0.01 g ·mL^-1 LP water solvents once daily. The results indicated that supplementation with AEF only and supplemented with AEF and LP together alleviated stress-induced weight loss and reduced serum level of CORT and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors. Furthermore, addition of AEF and LP significantly enhanced relative mRNA expression of the tight junctional proteins Occludin in the jejunum. Intestinal morphology results showed that villi in the duodenum and jejunum of goslings were shorter and sparser under stress, and the villi height to crypt depth ratio (Vh/Cd) decreased significantly as well. Treatment with AEF and AEF+LP increased villus height and improved Vh/Cd in the small intestine. In summary, AEF and AEF+LP adding to the water enhanced gosling weight, immune performance, antioxidant capacity, and improved intestinal health under stress. These findings provide new insights for enhancing productivity and preventing stress in goslings.

Key words: Ma′gang goslings, density stress, immune performance, antioxidant capacity

中图分类号:

S835.5

曲庆, 孙义虹, 赵星晨, 高铭, 周烁, 王玮. 黄芪、淫羊藿、女贞子提取物和植物乳杆菌对高密度饲养条件下仔鹅生长的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(10): 5222-5231.

QU Qing, SUN Yihong, ZHAO Xingchen, GAO Ming, ZHOU Shuo, WANG Wei. Effects of Astragalus, Epimedium, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi Extract and Lactobacillus plantarum on the Growth of Goslings under High-density Feeding Conditions[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(10): 5222-5231.

图/表 7

表 1

图 1

图 2

表 2

AEF和AEF+LP对密度应激下仔鹅血清生化指标的影响(n=7)"

项目Item	组别Group						SEM	P值P-value
项目Item	c	aef	aef+lp	s	s+aef	s+aef+lp	SEM	P值P-value
血清钙/(mg·dL^-1) Serum Ca	2.49±0.06	2.48±0.19	2.32±0.20	2.34±0.34	3.24±1.22	2.54±0.11	0.116	0.2
丙氨酸氨基转移酶/(U·L^-1) ALT	15.88±1.06^AB	17.10±4.26^A	11.50±0.24^BC	17.35±4.68^A	10.40±2.96^C	9.07±2.11^C	0.882	0.002
血清碱性磷酸酶/(U·L^-1) ALP	910.98±255.05^A	724.15±71.16^AB	853.13±282.58^AB	324.77±183.97^C	551.70±148.21^BC	605.63±218.59^ABC	55.274	0.009
谷草转氨酶/(U·L^-1) AST	15.18±2.76	15.18±3.95	13.97±1.69	16.15±1.38	13.68±0.95	15.95±1.73	0.458	0.585
血清总蛋白/(g·L^-1) TP	47.55±7.60^CD	49.65±0.87^BCD	45.07±2.91^D	65.70±4.27^A	57.63±4.92^AB	55.65±8.50^BC	1.761	0.001
白蛋白/(g·dL^-1) ALB	16.18±0.92^A	15.88±0.76^A	13.58±1.46^B	13.00±1.60^B	16.73±0.59^A	16.68±0.82^A	0.367	< 0.001
球蛋白/(g·dL^-1) GLB	34.90±4.63^BC	34.25±1.22^BC	33.10±1.41^C	50.55±4.98^A	41.33±4.72^B	40.70±7.23^B	1.496	< 0.001
肝功能白球比例A/G	0.38±0.05^B	0.45±0.06^A	0.40±0.00^AB	0.28±0.05^C	0.40±0.00^AB	0.40±0.00^AB	0.013	< 0.001
甘油三酯/(mg·dL^-1) TG	0.91±0.18^a	0.93±0.39^a	0.61±0.06^ab	0.37±0.08^b	0.56±0.21^b	0.69±0.15^ab	0.056	0.010
总胆固醇/(mmol·L^-1) TC	3.58±0.61^C	3.70±0.43^C	3.59±0.34^C	5.51±0.74^A	4.33±0.36^BC	4.89±0.31^AB	0.176	< 0.001
肌酐/(mg·dL^-1) CREA-S	20.38±0.97^AB	21.45±1.91^AB	15.57±1.41^C	23.10±4.08^A	19.30±2.81^B	18.18±1.31^BC	0.655	0.005
尿素/(mmol·L^-1) UREA	0.21±0.14^b	0.38±0.02^a	0.23±0.04^b	0.39±0.09^a	0.29±0.09^ab	0.29±0.09^ab	0.021	0.033
肌酸激酶/(U·L^-1) CK	505.70±56.42^A	599.33±89.44^A	486.20±63.18^A	537.38±79.86^A	316.27±61.17^B	594.00±117.47^A	24.546	0.001
总胆红素/(vmol·L^-1) T-Bil-V	0.82±0.23^A	0.75±0.26^A	0.71±0.15^A	0.16±0.12^B	0.73±0.21^A	0.78±0.09^A	0.058	0.001
总胆汁酸/(μmol·L^-1) TBA	18.28±3.32^BC	20.82±3.51^BC	29.67±5.17^B	44.90±19.27^A	12.38±4.94^C	23.00±4.02^BC	2.679	0.001
乳酸脱氢酶/(IU·L^-1) LDH	181.67±14.94^B	199.13±35.64^B	183.18±13.40^B	262.20±36.28^A	196.10±36.16^B	250.83±30.47^A	8.562	0.003
磷/(mg·dL^-1) P	1.76±0.11^c	1.77±0.46^c	1.91±0.33^bc	2.40±0.17^a	2.26±0.13^ab	2.05±0.21^abc	0.069	0.01

表 2

图 3

图 4

图 5

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引物名称Primer name	引物序列(5′→3′) Primer(5′→3′)	引物长度/bp Product length
β-actin	Forward：CCAAAGCCAACAGAGAGAAGATGAC Reverse：TAACACCATCACCAGAGTCCATCAC	144
TNF-α	Forward：GTTCTATGACCGCCCAGTTC Reverse：CACACGACAGCCAAGTCAA	101
TJP1	Forward：AGACCATTCCAGACATTCTCCACAG Reverse：CGCCTGCCACCTCTTCCATAG	146
Occludin	Forward：TGCTCTGCCTCATCTGCTTCTTC Reverse：CGTTCTTCACCCACTCCTCCAC	132
SOD1	Forward：CATCTCTCTGACTGGACCACACTG Reverse：AGTTAGCGTGCTCTCGTTATCTCC	103
TGF-β	Forward：TCATCTCCATCTACAACAGCACCAG Reverse：GCATAATACTCCTCGTCGCTCCTC	100

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