3D细胞培养技术及其在毛囊发育研究中的应用

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

羊毛是重要的畜牧产品，由毛囊发育而来。毛囊是皮肤组织衍生的微器官，由毛囊干细胞、毛乳头、毛母质、外根鞘和内根鞘等20多种细胞组成，结构及细胞间通讯复杂。因此，提高羊毛产量和品质的前提是充分了解各种细胞相互作用下的毛囊发育特征。目前，细胞培养技术主要分为2D细胞培养和3D细胞培养。传统的2D细胞培养技术培养毛囊相关细胞时，与体内生长状况差距较大，毛发诱导能力逐渐丧失。3D细胞培养是将细胞在模拟组织和器官特异性的3D结构中进行培养，通过模拟天然环境，允许细胞聚集成为一定的形态，并且促进细胞-细胞的交流、细胞-细胞外基质的交流，从而恢复一定的在体功能，弥补了传统2D细胞培养的缺陷。本文简单介绍了3D细胞培养模型及种类、构建方法及在毛囊发育和生命科学相关研究中的应用，并展望了3D细胞培养技术在毛囊发育研究和其它领域的发展前景。

关键词: 3D细胞培养, 毛囊, 细胞外基质

Abstract:

Wool is an important livestock product that develops from wool follicles. wool follicles is a micro-organ derived from the skin tissue, which consists of more than 20 types of cells, including hair follicle stem cells, dermal papillae, hair matrices, outer root sheaths and inner heel sheaths, with complex structure and intercellular communication. Therefore, in order to improve wool yield and quality, comprehensive understanding of the developmental characteristics of hair follicles under various cell interactions was needed in advance. Currently, cell culture techniques are mainly categorized into 2D cell culture and 3D cell culture. Conventional 2D cell culture techniques for culturing wool follicle-associated cells are characterized by a large gap with in vivo growth conditions and a gradual loss of hair-inducing ability. 3D cell culture is the cultivation of cells in 3D structures that mimic the specificity of tissues and organs. By mimicking the natural environment, it allows cells to aggregate into a certain morphology and facilitates cell-cell communication, as well as cell-extracellular matrix communication, thus restoring a certain in vivo function, which makes up for the shortcomings of traditional 2D cell culture. This paper briefly introduces 3D cell culture models and types, construction methods, applications in various cell and wool follicle development studies, and looks forward to the development of 3D cell culture technology in hair follicle development studies and other fields.

Key words: 3D cell culture, wool follicles, extracellular matrix

中图分类号:

S852.2

孔辰, 田云, 高红瑞, 蔡蓓. 3D细胞培养技术及其在毛囊发育研究中的应用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(1): 15-25.

KONG Chen, TIAN Yun, GAO Hongrui, CAI Bei. 3D Cell Culture Technology and Its Application in Wool Follicle Development Study[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(1): 15-25.

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培养方法 Culture method	细胞所处环境 The environment of cells	细胞生理特点 Physiological characteristics of cells	基因表达 Gene expression	观测方法 Methods of observation
2D细胞培养 2D cell culture	在培养皿或培养瓶中平面单层生长；细胞均匀获取营养素或氧气等	仅允许培养一种细胞，培养过程中形态失去在体内的特征、增殖效率高于自然环境，分化能力较低	对物理和化学刺激表现更加敏感，基因表达偏离体内细胞的基因表达情况	便于观察和检测
3D细胞培养 3D cell culture	在人工合成、天然支架材料模拟的ECM中生长，更加类似体内环境；可以产生营养素梯度，嵌入内部的细胞较少获得	允许多种细胞共同培养，允许细胞存在异质性。可以是球状体或类器官，有体内细胞特征，可以保留类似于体内的细胞结构；增殖效率和细胞种类以及方法有关，分化能力存在	对物理和化学刺激的反应具有一定的抵抗能力；基因表达情况与体内环境类似	分析方法有限

培养技术Culture technology	优点Merit	局限性Limitation
无支架 Scaffold-free	模型简单、结果具有可重复性、易于制备、可以扩展、对各种细胞系的适用性，可进行高通量筛选	形成的球状体与有支架培养出的类器官相比有一定的差距。会在球状体中发现坏死细胞
有支架 Scaffold	可通过调整支架的纳米级、微观级、宏观级特征模拟天然组织微环境。能构建结构更加复杂的类器官，与体内组织结构更加相似	材料成本高，需要考虑细胞与材料的生物相容性。天然生物材料存在批次性差异，可重复性不好。检查手段较少

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